A phylogeographic study of the cosmopolitan genus Phragmites (Poaceae) based on AFLPs

Lambertini, Carla; Hellström, Magnus; Frydenberg, Jane; Lissner, Jørgen; Speranza, Maria; Brix, Hans

doi:10.1007/s00606-006-0412-2

Cited by 109 publications

(168 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…4), that it is not unreasonable to hypothesize that there may be reproductive isolating mechanisms between them. Our results therefore support the recent contention of Lambertini et al (2006) that species status for the gulf coast and its related South American lineage should be considered. Previously, Saltonstall et al (2004) recommended referring to the gulf coast lineage as P. australis var.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Rapid growth of a Eurasian haplotype of Phragmites australis in a restored brackish marsh in Louisiana, USA

Howard

Travis

Sikes³

2007

Biol Invasions

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While numerous studies have documented patterns of invasion by non-indigenous plant species, few have considered the invasive properties of non-native genotypes of native species. Characteristics associated with specific genotypes, such as tolerance to disturbance, may mistakenly be applied to an entire species in the absence of genetic information, which consequently may affect management decisions. We report here on the incidence and growth of an introduced lineage of Phragmites australis in the Gulf of Mexico coastal zone of Louisiana. P. australis was collected from nine separate locations for inclusion in a series of growth experiments. Chloroplast DNA analysis indicated that specimens collected from four locations in the Mississippi River Delta represented the introduced Eurasian haplotype; the remainder represented the gulf coast haplotype. Three distinct genotypes, or clones, were identified within each haplotype via analysis using amplified fragment length polymorphisms, which also revealed reduced genetic diversity of the gulf coast clones compared to the Eurasian clones. Clones of each haplotype were planted along with three other native macrophytes at similar densities in a restored brackish marsh and monitored for growth. After 14 months, the Eurasian haplotype had spread vegetatively to cover about 82% of the experimental plots, more than four times the coverage (18%) of the gulf coast haplotype. Thus, the use of P. australis plantings for wetland restoration should consider the genetic lineage of plants used since our results indicate the potential of the Eurasian haplotype to grow rapidly at newly restored sites. This rapid growth may limit the establishment of more slowly growing native species.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Rapid growth of a Eurasian haplotype of Phragmites australis in a restored brackish marsh in Louisiana, USA

Howard

Travis

Sikes³

2007

Biol Invasions

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“…The leaf characters resemble those of Phragmites mauritianus Kunth (Scholz and Böhling, 2000). Recent genetic studies have shown that the Gulf Coast clones are more related to P. mauritianus than to P. australis (Lambertini et al, 2006). Hence, it is not surprising that this clone differs significantly, particularly in morphological parameters.…”

Section: Effect Of Geographical Originmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…The large leaves were not caused by large cell sizes, as the length of guard cells did not deviate from that of the other clones. Genetic AFLP analyses have shown that the Israeli clone, even though it is tetraploid, is genetically closely related to the Australian group of octoploids (Lambertini et al, 2006). The Israeli clone therefore seems to resemble the Australian P. australis both genetically and in morphology.…”

Section: Effect Of Geographical Originmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To study differences between geographic regions of origin clones from North Sweden, Spain, Israel, Romania and North America were chosen. Three North American clones were believed to be native genotypes and belong to the Midwest (US-MW), the Atlantic Coast (US-AC) and the Gulf Coast (US-GC) groups, whereas a fourth clone was believed to be an introduced clone (US-INTR) of European origin according to the genetic investigations of Saltonstall (2003) and Lambertini et al (2006).…”

Section: Plant Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The choice of clones was based on their geographic origin and their genetic relationships as reported by Saltonstall (2003) and Lambertini et al (2006). The clones have been kept in the common environment for at least 5 years prior to the experiment.…”

Section: Plant Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Clone-specific differences in Phragmites australis: Effects of ploidy level and geographic origin

et al. 2007

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Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud. is virtually cosmopolitan and shows substantial variation in euploidy level and morphology. The aim of this study was to assess clone-specific differences in morphological, anatomical, physiological and biochemical traits of P. australis as affected by the geographic origin, the euploidy level (4x, 6x, 8x and 12x), and to assess differences between native and introduced clones in North America. Growth, morphology, photosynthetic characteristics, photosynthetic pigments and enzymes were measured on 11 geographically distinct clones propagated in a common environment in Denmark. Any differences between the measured parameters were caused by genetic differences between clones.Overall, the largest differences between clones were found in ontogeny, shoot morphology and leaf anatomy. The North Swedish clone was adapted to short growing seasons and sprouted very early in the spring but senesced early in July. In contrast, clones from southern regions were adapted to warmer and longer growing seasons and failed to complete the whole growth-cycle in Denmark. Some clones from oceanic habitats with climatic conditions that do not differ much from conditions at the Danish growth site did flower in the common environment.The octoploid genotype in general had larger dimensions of leaves, taller and thicker shoots and larger cell sizes than did the hexaploid and tetraploid clones. The dodecaploid clone was neither bigger than the octoploid, nor significantly different from tetraploid and hexaploid clones in most of the morphological characters observed. Stomatal density decreased with increasing ploidy level, while length of guard cells increased. Tetraploid clones generally had morphometric dimensions, similar to hexaploids. Hence, polyploidy did not always result in an increase in plant size, probably because the number of cell divisions during development is reduced.Four North American clones were included in the study. The clone from the Atlantic Coast and the supposed invasive European clone resembled each other. The Gulf Coast clone differed from the rest of the clones in having leaf characters resembling Phragmites mauritianus Kunth. Thus, morphological characters are not unmistakable parameters that can be used to discriminate between introduced and native clones.The physiological and biochemical processes also differed between clones, but these processes showed considerable phenotypic plasticity and were therefore very difficult to evaluate conclusively.It is concluded that P. australis is a species with very high genetic variability which is augmented by its cosmopolitan distribution, clonal growth form and the large variation in chromosome numbers. It is therefore not surprising that large genetically determined differences in ontogeny, shoot morphology and leaf anatomy occur between clones. #

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Preadaptation and post‐introduction evolution facilitate the invasion ofPhragmites australisin North America

Guo

Lambertini

Nguyen

et al. 2014

Ecology and Evolution

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Compared with non-invasive species, invasive plant species may benefit from certain advantageous traits, for example, higher photosynthesis capacity and resource/energy-use efficiency. These traits can be preadapted prior to introduction, but can also be acquired through evolution following introduction to the new range. Disentangling the origins of these advantageous traits is a fundamental and emerging question in invasion ecology. We conducted a multiple comparative experiment under identical environmental condition with the invasive haplotype M lineage of the wetland grass Phragmites australis and compared the ecophysiological traits of this invasive haplotype M in North America with those of the European ancestor and the conspecific North American native haplotype E lineage, P. australis ssp. americanus. The invasive haplotype M differed significantly from the native North American conspecific haplotype E in several ecophysiological and morphological traits, and the European haplotype M had a more efficient photosynthetic apparatus than the native North American P. australis ssp. americanus. Within the haplotype M lineage, the introduced North American P. australis exhibited different biomass allocation patterns and resource/energy-use strategies compared to its European ancestor group. A discriminant analysis of principal components separated the haplotype M and the haplotype E lineages completely along the first canonical axis, highly related to photosynthetic gas-exchange parameters, photosynthetic energy-use efficiency and payback time. The second canonical axis, highly related to photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency and construction costs, significantly separated the introduced P. australis in North America from its European ancestor. Synthesis. We conclude that the European P. australis lineage was preadapted to be invasive prior to its introduction, and that the invasion in North America is further stimulated by rapid post-introduction evolution in several advantageous traits. The multicomparison approach used in this study could be an effective approach for distinguishing preadaptation and post-introduction evolution of invasive species. Further research is needed to link the observed changes in invasive traits to the genetic variation and the interaction with the environment.

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A phylogeographic study of the cosmopolitan genus Phragmites (Poaceae) based on AFLPs

Cited by 109 publications

References 38 publications

Rapid growth of a Eurasian haplotype of Phragmites australis in a restored brackish marsh in Louisiana, USA

Rapid growth of a Eurasian haplotype of Phragmites australis in a restored brackish marsh in Louisiana, USA

Clone-specific differences in Phragmites australis: Effects of ploidy level and geographic origin

Preadaptation and post‐introduction evolution facilitate the invasion ofPhragmites australisin North America

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