A Physical Interpretation of Mass-Energy Equivalence Based on the Orthogonal Collision

Qian, Weihong

doi:10.4236/jmp.2023.147059

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…The conversion of mass to energy here is unidirectional, as in the thermonuclear reaction on the Sun and the explosion of an atomic bomb. The conversion of mass to energy caused by this orthogonal collision is also different from Einstein's 1905 two-way conversion between mass and energy which was based on the coordinate system transformation in special relativity [35]. The total energy represented by Equations ( 10), ( 11) and ( 14) is an event that occurs in the same world (universe), so the sign used in equations is "=".…”

Section: Four Ways Of Particle Collisionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Physical Interpretation of Electricity and Magnetism and Electromagnetic Induction

Qian¹

2023

JAMP

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Electricity and magnetism and electromagnetic induction are phenomena that can be perceived by people. But their interpretation and theoretical study took a long time. The theoretical research on electricity began with the discovery of Coulomb's law in 1785, while the theoretical research on magnetism began with the discovery of Oersted's Law in 1820. From the 1850s to the 1870s, Maxwell summarized a set of theoretical equations for electromagnetism based on some laws of predecessors. However, this set of equations contains a few statistical relationships and empirical concepts, so it is difficult to explain the physical nature of electromagnetic phenomena and principles. This paper explained that the macro phenomenon of electricity is the separation of unlike charges of new electrons produced by the orthogonal collision of old particles under the action of external forces. The physical nature of magnetism is the potential energy (magnetic energy) and information associated with the overall orientation of the moving electrons solidly recorded in the material. The physical principle of electromagnetic induction describes how change in electric current intensity generates change in magnetic intensity and vice versa through orthogonal interaction of ordered electrons. This theoretical interpretation does not require the concepts of traditional electromagnetic forces, electromagnetic fields, magnetic moments, and magnetic domains.

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Section: Four Ways Of Particle Collisionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Physical Interpretation of Electricity and Magnetism and Electromagnetic Induction

Qian¹

2023

JAMP

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“…As Nobel Laureate Richard Feynman aptly stated, "It is important to realize that in physics today we have no knowledge of what energy is" [39], emphasizing the profound mystery surrounding energy's nature. This paper operates within established scientific principles, notably matter-energy equivalence [40,41], recognizing our indirect understanding of energy rooted in detectable matter quantities and transformations. Adopting a practical approach, this paper treats energy as a consequence of observed phenomena associated with matter, given the absence of a definitive definition of energy.…”

Section: Contextual Claritymentioning

confidence: 99%

Rethinking Energy Conservation and Generation for Sustainable Solutions-An Innovative Energy Circuitry Approach

Kimuya

2024

Preprint

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This paper introduces an innovative energy circuit that challenges conventional understandings of energy conservation, marking a significant departure from traditional frameworks. Seeking to enhance energy generation within existing paradigms, this innovation holds promise for addressing pressing global issues such as the energy crisis and environmental sustainability, while also stimulating scientific inquiry. In contrast to prevalent misconceptions rooted in philosophical and scientific constraints, this study refutes the notion of generating energy from nothing and questions the viability of perpetual motion machines as conceptual models. Instead, it proposes a novel circuit design derived from an unconventional electrical short circuit, which is shown to disrupt the established principles of energy conservation. This circuit offers a transformative approach with diverse applications, including self-recharging capabilities for electric vehicles, bolstering microgrid infrastructure, and facilitating the integration of renewable energy sources. Transcending conventional scientific boundaries, this paper prompts philosophical reflections on the evolving nature of scientific exploration. Ultimately, the energy circuit represents a pivotal step towards mitigating the global energy crisis by reducing reliance on finite resources and fostering sustainability. The paper concludes by illustrating the circuit's potential to revolutionize energy systems and contribute to a more resilient and sustainable future.

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“…The form of Equation ( 16) is same as the mass-energy formula of Einstein [28]. However, the physical meaning of Equation ( 16) is different from the relationship of mass-energy equivalence which was based on the special theory of relativity or relativistic mathematical transformations of two coordinate systems [29]. Thereafter, the term mc 2 or mv 2 or 2 mv is referred as mass-energy.…”

Section: Orthogonal Collision Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

The Essence of Gravity Is the Expansion Tendency of the Universe after the Big Bang

Qian

2024

JMP

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Why cannot Newton's theory of gravitation be used to describe the motion of micro particles? This article summarizes and clarifies that Newton's theory of gravitation is subjectively a statistical description for natural phenomena, while its essence is the expansion tendency of particles in the new universe formed after the orthogonal collision (the Big Bang) of objects in the old universe. The new particles formed by the Big Bang exhibit the accelerating expansion and local convergence in the spacetime of the new universe. The force of the accelerating expansion for the new particles comes from the shear stress produced by the orthogonal collision. There is only a one-way conversion from the mass in the old universe to the energy in the new universe without any exchange of information between them. Orthogonal collision forms maximum energy density and accelerates motion of new particles. The theory that orthogonal collision produces a new universe can be used to explain the phenomena of three scales. On the cosmic scale, it can explain the Big Bang, the early celestial formation, and their movements. On the macro scale, it can explain the early Earth's surface mountain uplift and current atmospheric vortices. At the micro scale, it can explain aurora and other astronomical optical phenomena as well as the generation of new particles. The idea of orthogonal collision attempts to use shear stress and particle potential energy to find a theory of everything that can fully explain all aspects of the universe.

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A Physical Interpretation of Mass-Energy Equivalence Based on the Orthogonal Collision

Cited by 7 publications

References 41 publications

Physical Interpretation of Electricity and Magnetism and Electromagnetic Induction

Physical Interpretation of Electricity and Magnetism and Electromagnetic Induction

Rethinking Energy Conservation and Generation for Sustainable Solutions-An Innovative Energy Circuitry Approach

The Essence of Gravity Is the Expansion Tendency of the Universe after the Big Bang

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