A physical modelling study to determine the influence of slag on the fluid flow in the AOD converter process

Ternstedt, Patrik; Ni, Peiyuan; Lundqvist, Nicholas; Tilliander, Anders; Jönsson, Pär G.

doi:10.1080/03019233.2017.1415012

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Zhongfu CHENG, 1) * Yannan WANG, 2) Abhishek DUTTA, 3) Bart BLANPAIN, 1) Muxing GUO 1) and Annelies MALFLIET 1) the AOD water modeling system, and various model scales are adopted. 3) The physical modeling mainly focuses on the flow phenomena, such as velocity field, 4,5) turbulence behavior, 5) penetration length, 6) mixing efficiency, 1,2) liquid surface vibration 7,8) and slag behavior. 9) Meanwhile, the AOD process has also been investigated numerically, and a series of mathematical models have been developed.…”

Section: Numerical Study Of Fluid Flow and Mixing In The Argon Oxygen...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…4,16,38) Parameters ValueMolten steel density (kg•m −3 ) 7 020Molten steel viscosity (kg•m −1 •s −1 ) 0.0051Surface tension Liquid steel-gas (N•m −1 ) . No-slip wall boundary condition is applied to the surrounding and bottom wall.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…© 2023 ISIJ 503 (4) The worst mixing zone (dead zone) is located in the bottom corner close to the sidewall opposite the tuyere rather than in the center of the bulk liquid. Overall, for a high gas flow rate (above 2.59 kg/s), the seven-tuyere AOD has a better mixing performance than the six-tuyere scheme.…”

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Numerical Study of Fluid Flow and Mixing in the Argon Oxygen Decarburization (AOD) Process

et al. 2023

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A three-dimensional (3D) model has been developed based on the Eulerian multiphase flow approach to investigate the fluid flow behavior and mixing efficiency in the multi-tuyere AOD process. The interphase forces, including drag force, lift force, virtual force, turbulent dispersion force, and wall lubrication force, were incorporated into this model. The model was used to simulate six-tuyere and seven-tuyere AOD processes. The phenomena of multi-jet penetration, bubble plume merging, 3D turbulent flow and mixing characteristics were considered. The results indicate that the bubble plume merging occurs in the upper part of the liquid bath, forming a typical plume cluster. The predicted penetration length for a single tuyere jet agrees well with the previous work. For the multi-jet system, the side jets penetrate deeper than the inside ones. The six-tuyere AOD has a good flow condition in the center of the liquid bath, while the seven-tuyere AOD has a better flow pattern in the sidewall region and the lower bath. Overall, the seven-tuyere AOD performs better in mixing efficiency than the six-tuyere AOD under the same gas flow rate. These findings increase the understanding of the AOD process, allowing further optimization of process parameters. This model can be further extended to incorporate the thermochemical reactions into the modeling of the AOD reactor.

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Section: Numerical Study Of Fluid Flow and Mixing In The Argon Oxygen...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Numerical Study of Fluid Flow and Mixing in the Argon Oxygen Decarburization (AOD) Process

et al. 2023

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“…[3] A significant amount of research effort has been directed toward studying various aspects of slag practice in the AOD process. Topics studied include the evolution of slag composition [4][5][6][7] and physical properties [8] during processing as well as the effect of slag on refractory wear, [9][10][11] fluid flows, [12,13] bath mixing, [12,13] and vessel oscillation. [14] The produced AOD slag needs to be cooled before further utilization.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical Modeling of Argon‐Oxygen Decarburization Slag Cooling

Kärnä

Visuri

Heikkinen

et al. 2020

steel research int.

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Stainless steelmaking produces different types of slags which need to be cooled, stored, and pretreated before further use. In current practice, the slag is cooled in an air atmosphere, but water cooling has been envisaged to speed up cooling. The aim of this article is to simulate the cooling of argon‐oxygen decarburization (AOD) slag under the conditions of ambient cooling and water cooling. The effects of the thickness and initial temperature of the slag layer are also studied. Finally, practical means to improve the cooling practice are evaluated based on the model predictions.

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“…The melting behavior of AOD slags has been investigated [3], as well as the cooling behavior of slags [4]. Using physical modelling the slag effect on mixing time was investigated [5] and more recently [6]. Furthermore, a numerical model on the effect on the decarburization reaction [7] was investigated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methods to Determine Characteristics of AOD-Converter Decarburization-Slags

Ternstedt

Runnsjö

Tilliander

et al. 2020

Metals

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Argon Oxygen Decarburization (AOD) converter slags are known to consist of both liquid and solid phases, but limited information on the slag characteristics has been published in the open literature. Therefore, a new methodology to study the characteristics of slag samples taken from the AOD converter process during production was developed based on petrography. The results show that the preparations of the slag samples using the borax method are suitable to use when determining the chemical composition of AOD slag samples using the X-ray fluorescence (XRF) method. The results also showed that both the light optical microscopy (LOM) method and a method combining scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) can be used to characterize the slag samples and that the correlation between the methods was found to be good. This means that it is possible to use the faster LOM method instead of the more complicated SEM-EDS method to characterize AOD slag samples. Finally, the results show that the difference between calculated values based on stoichiometry and measured data for Ca and Cr in AOD slags are 11.7 mass% and 11.3 mass%, respectively. This is considered to be a good agreement for industrial samples.

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A physical modelling study to determine the influence of slag on the fluid flow in the AOD converter process

Cited by 10 publications

References 25 publications

Numerical Study of Fluid Flow and Mixing in the Argon Oxygen Decarburization (AOD) Process

Numerical Study of Fluid Flow and Mixing in the Argon Oxygen Decarburization (AOD) Process

Numerical Modeling of Argon‐Oxygen Decarburization Slag Cooling

Methods to Determine Characteristics of AOD-Converter Decarburization-Slags

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