A physical sign of pathological myopia: myopic scleral pit

Abstract

Purpose Myopic scleral pit (MSP) is a rare physical sign of pathological myopia (PM). The aim of this study was to summarize the clinical characteristics of MSP and analyze its correlation with PM. Methods Eight cases with PM and MSP were enrolled in this study. Comprehensive ophthalmic examinations, including subjective refraction, slit-lamp biomicroscope, intraocular pressure, fundus photographs, A- and B-scan ultrasonography and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography, were performed. Results All the patients had a long history of PM with visual impairment, long axial length, and myopia-related fundus degeneration. Mean axial length was 31.48 ± 2.17 mm. Mean size of MSP was 0.69 ± 0.29 optic disc diameter (PD). Mean logMAR BCVA was 1.21 ± 0.88 logMAR. Spearman correlation analysis showed that the logMAR BCVA had no correlation with the size of pits (P = 0.34). Fundus examination revealed a focal pale concave located in the sclera exposed area of retinal choroid atrophy was found in all cases. OCT showed a deep scleral pit where the retinal choroid was thin or absent, without retinal sensory detachment or sensory defect. Conclusions This study identified a rare scleral lesion in all eight individuals with PM, which was termed “myopic scleral pit”. This phenomenon is different from focal choroidal excavation and posterior staphyloma.