A physically-based method for removing pits in digital elevation models

Grimaldi, Salvatore; Nardi, Fernando; Benedetto, Francesco Di; Istanbulluoglu, Erkan; Bras, Rafael L.

doi:10.1016/j.advwatres.2006.11.016

Cited by 101 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Therefore, TWI and SRI appear to have important roles in fire behavior under somewhat different local conditions. Most forest fire studies have used topographic analysis and computing topographic index based on digital elevation models (e.g., [19,47]). Similarly, we used a digital elevation model to analyze the mean elevation, slope, TWI and SRI within the 500-m grid cells.…”

Section: Mapping Topographic Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Complex Relationships of the Effects of Topographic Characteristics and Susceptible Tree Cover on Burn Severity

2018

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Forest fires and burn severity mosaics have profound impacts on the post-fire dynamics and complexity of forest ecosystems. Numerous studies have investigated the relationship between topographic variables and susceptible tree covers with regard to burn severity. However, these relationships have not been fully elucidated, because most studies have assumed linearity in these relationships. Therefore, we examined the linearity and the nonlinearity in the relationships between topographic variables and susceptible tree covers with burn severity by comparing linear and nonlinear models. The site of the Samcheok fire, the largest recorded forest fire in Korea, was used as the study area. We generated 802 grid cells with a 500-m resolution that encompassed the entire study area and collected a dataset that included the topographic variables and percentage of red pine trees, which are the most susceptible tree cover types in Korea. We used conventional linear models and generalized additive models to estimate the linear and the nonlinear models based on topographic variables and Japanese red pine trees. The results revealed that the percentage of red pine trees had linear effects on burn severity, reinforcing the importance of silviculture and forest management to lower burn severity. Meanwhile, the topographic variables had nonlinear effects on burn severity. Among the topographic variables, elevation had the strongest nonlinear effect on burn severity, possibly by overriding the effects of susceptible fuels over elevation effects or due to the nonlinear effects of topographic characteristics on pre-fire fuel conditions, including the spatial distribution and availability of susceptible tree cover. To validate and generalize the nonlinear effects of elevation and other topographic variables, additional research is required at different fire sites with different tree cover types in different geographic locations.

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Section: Mapping Topographic Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Complex Relationships of the Effects of Topographic Characteristics and Susceptible Tree Cover on Burn Severity

2018

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“…We found that even such high-resolution DEMs need editing for flow routing. Hence, given the much larger number of grid cells, their use will require integration of automatic terrain analysis algorithms, such as ANUDEM (Hutchinson 1989), PEM4PIT (Grimaldi et al 2007) and Terraflow (Arge et al 2003) into the modelling framework, to alleviate the need for manual editing. Incorporation of high-resolution DEMs in this modelling framework for future applications will be a natural extension of this work.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulating the daily discharge of the Mandovi River, west coast of India

Suprit

Shankar

Venugopal

et al. 2012

Hydrological Sciences Journal

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A hydrological modelling framework was assembled to simulate the daily discharge of the Mandovi River on the Indian west coast. Approximately 90% of the west-coast rainfall, and therefore discharge, occurs during the summer monsoon (June-September), with a peak during July-August. The modelling framework consisted of a digital elevation model (DEM) called GLOBE, a hydrological routing algorithm, the Terrestrial Hydrological Model with Biogeochemistry (THMB), an algorithm to map the rainfall recorded by sparse raingauges to the model grid, and a modified Soil Conservation Service Curve Number (SCS-CN) method. A series of discharge simulations (with and without the SCS method) was carried out. The best simulation was obtained after incorporating spatio-temporal variability in the SCS parameters, which was achieved by an objective division of the season into five regimes: the lean season, monsoon onset, peak monsoon, end-monsoon, and post-monsoon. A novel attempt was made to incorporate objectively the different regimes encountered before, during and after the Indian monsoon, into a hydrological modelling framework. The strength of our method lies in the low demand it makes on hydrological data. Apart from information on the average soil type in a region, the entire parameterization is built on the basis of the rainfall that is used to force the model. That the model does not need to be calibrated separately for each river is important, because most of the Indian west-coast basins are ungauged. Hence, even though the model has been validated only for the Mandovi basin, its potential region of application is considerable. In the context of the Prediction in Ungauged Basins (PUB) framework, the potential of the proposed approach is significant, because the discharge of these (ungauged) rivers into the eastern Arabian Sea is not small, making them an important element of the local climate system. Key words hydrological modelling; SCS Curve Number; Sahyadris; river discharge; Mandovi River Simulation du débit journalier du fleuve Mandovi, côte occidentale de l'Inde Résumé Un cadre de modélisation hydrologique a été mis en place pour simuler le débit journalier du fleuve Mandovi situé sur la côte occidentale de l'Inde. Sur cette côte occidentale, environ 90% de la pluie, et donc de l'écoulement, se produit durant la mousson d'été (de juin à septembre), avec un maximum pendant les mois de juillet et août. Le cadre de modélisation comprend un modèle numérique de terrain (MNT) appelé GLOBE, un algorithme de routage hydrologique appelé THMB (Terrestrial Hydrological Model with Biogeochemistry), un algorithme pour cartographier la pluie enregistrée par quelques pluviomètres sur le maillage du modèle, et une méthode modifiée du « Soil Conservation Service Curve Number » (SCS-CN). Une série de simulations de débits (avec et sans la méthode SCS) a été réalisée. La meilleure simulation a été obtenue en prenant en compte la variabilité spatio-temporelle dans les paramètres du SCS, obtenue par une division objective de la...

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“…Os MDEs podem apresentar depressões, ou seja, pontos mais baixos que todos os pontos ao redor, funcionam como sumidouros, o que atrapalha as análises relativas à extração da drenagem em especial a identificação da direção do fluxo (O'CALLAGHAN;MARK, 1984), sendo o número das depressões inversamente proporcionais a resolução do MDE (GRIMALDI et al, 2007) e do fluxo acumulado, que pode ser interrompido na direção do escoamento real do terreno e as linhas de drenagem serem desviadas para sub-bacias (ZEILHOFER, 2001). Contudo, em sua maioria, essas depressões, como áreas de múltiplos canais, dunas ou depósitos de sedimentos (OLIVEIRA et al, 2007), representam erros no MDE, não representando a realidade da superfície trabalhada, desse modo surge a necessidade da remoção (POGGIO; SOILLE, 2011;JENSON;DOMINGUE, 1988;WECHSLER, 2007).…”

Section: Métodos De Preenchimento De Depressõesunclassified

“…A técnica básica para a remoção das depressões utiliza inicialmente matrizes de 3x3 onde a altitude da depressão, que está na célula central, é elevada até a menor altitude de uma das células vizinhas (O'CALLAGHAN;MARK, 1984), caso após esse procedimento continue existindo uma depressão é utilizada matrizes maiores até que esta seja removida (JENSON; DOMINGUE, 1988), contudo essa técnica pode gerar grandes áreas planas dificultando a identificação da direção do fluxo (GRIMALDI et al, 2007). Esse é o método mais utilizado pelos softwares disponíveis atualmente, como por exemplo, o ESRI Arcgis, através do fillsinks, considerando as altitudes dos pixels vizinhos, preenchendo os erros e gerando assim dados mais consistentes (OLIVEIRA et al, 2010).…”

Section: Métodos De Preenchimento De Depressõesunclassified

“…Além do método de incrementar a altitude das depressões, outros métodos foram desenvolvidos como o método de diminuição dos valores em um determinado caminho, o qual procura o ponto posterior à depressão que iria continuar o fluxo, diminuindo o valor deste ponto de modo a gerar um caminho hidrológico; como também métodos híbridos com elementos desses dois métodos SOILLE, 2011;WECHSLER, 2007;ARNOLD, 2010;SOILLE, 2012), métodos que modificam a altitude da depressão a fim de manter a declividade presente até o ponto, ou seja, a depressão é elevada a uma altitude entre a altitude da célula de chegada e a altitude da célula de saída (GRIMALDI et al, 2007). Já outros métodos tentam diferenciar das depressões frutos de erros no MDE e das depressões reais, removendo apenas os erros e mantendo as depressões reais (ARNOLD, 2010;MOHARANA;KAR, 2002).…”

Section: Métodos De Preenchimento De Depressõesunclassified

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Modelo Digital De Elevação E Extração Automática De Drenagem: Dados, Métodos E Precisão Para Estudos Hidrológicos E Geomorfológicos

Souza¹,

Almeida²

2014

Bol. Geogr.

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RESUMOAs primeiras utilizações de Modelos Digitais de Elevação (MDE) nas análises geomorfológicas e hidrológicas datam da década de 1960, já as primeiras extrações automáticas de informação datam da década de 1970, enquanto que os trabalhos focados na extração da drenagem e na delimitação de bacias foram iniciados a partir da década de 1980. Apesar de algumas diferenças de rotina/algoritmos a maioria das metodologias segue os passos de preenchimento de depressão, identificação da direção do fluxo, identificação do fluxo acumulado e definição do limiar de iniciação de canais. Visando testar as diferenças entre os dados de imagens de satélites ASTER GDEM, SRTM e TOPODATA, o presente trabalho comparou as drenagens extraídas para a área da bacia do Riacho do Saco, em Serra Talhada -PE, relacionando-as com a drenagem de referência a partir de informações morfométricas. Foi escolhido o limiar de 0,243Km , analisando as informações topográficas entre os três MDEs, a principal variação deu-se pela baixa amplitude da declividade do SRTM, resultado do tamanho maior do pixel. Em relação à drenagem apesar do SRTM apresentar números totais mais próximos da drenagem de referência o ASTER GDEM apresenta 50% de sobreposição com a drenagem real, enquanto que o SRTM apresenta apenas 11%. Assim, o ASTER GDEM mostrou-se mais adequado para a extração automática da drenagem, sendo que grande parte das diferenças morfométricas apresentadas podem ser corrigidas a partir da inclusão dos lagos existentes e da exclusão da drenagem presentes na área dos lagos.Palavras chave: Extração de drenagem. MDE. ASTER GDEM. SRTM. Morfometria. ABSTRACTThe first efforts to use DEM in geomorphological and hydrological analyzes were realized in the 1960's, but the automatic extractions were only developed in the 1970's. Following, the routines to automatic drainage extraction were defined in the 1980's, creating the basis to actual routines. The actual routines, that might have different algorithms, consist of to fill the depressions, to identify the flow direction, to identify the flow accumulation, and to define the flow accumulation threshold to channel beginning. The present research examined the divergences morphometric between the real drainage and the extract drainages to Riacho do Saco basin, in Serra Talhada -PE, from ASTER GDEM, SRTM and TOPODATA. The accumulation threshold was 0.243 Km . Firstly, the SRTM MDE shows a inferior slope angles because of the bigger pixel size. The SRTM morphometric drainage results are more similar to the reference drainage. Nevertheless the ASTER GDEM drainage shows a better matching with the reference drainage (50%), while the SRTM drainage matches only 11%. Consequently, the ASTER GDEM drainage is more adequate to automatic

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A physically-based method for removing pits in digital elevation models

Cited by 101 publications

References 37 publications

Complex Relationships of the Effects of Topographic Characteristics and Susceptible Tree Cover on Burn Severity

Complex Relationships of the Effects of Topographic Characteristics and Susceptible Tree Cover on Burn Severity

Simulating the daily discharge of the Mandovi River, west coast of India

Modelo Digital De Elevação E Extração Automática De Drenagem: Dados, Métodos E Precisão Para Estudos Hidrológicos E Geomorfológicos

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