A physically based model for microstructure development in a macroscopic heat-affected zone: Grain growth and recrystallization

Thiessen, Richard G.; Richardson, I.M.

doi:10.1007/s11663-006-0050-7

Cited by 27 publications

(26 citation statements)

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“…Therefore, understanding the effect of boron on inter-dendritic and grain boundary segregation of carbon and phosphorous during welding is necessary for the development of phosphorous and boron-containing AHSS. Phase field modelling has been used to simulate microstructures during various metallurgical processes such as solid-state transformations [19][20][21][22][23][24] and solidification [25][26][27]. Steinbach et al proposed a multi-phase field model to simulate multi-phase microstructures [28,29] and was used to simulate solidification during continuous casting of steel grades [30].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elemental segregation during resistance spot welding of boron containing advanced high strength steels

Amirthalingam

Kwakernaak

et al. 2015

Weld World

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The partitioning behaviour of carbon, phosphorous and boron during the solidification of a resistance spot weld pool was studied using experimental simulations and a phase field model. Steels with varying carbon, phosphorous and boron contents were designed and subjected to a range of resistant spot welding thermal cycles. Mechanical properties were evaluated by hardness and cross tension tests and correlated with the weld microstructure. Phase field modelling results and experimental predictions show that the phosphorus concentration in the last area in the weld pool to solidify can reach about 0.38 wt% for a steel with a bulk concentration of 0.08 wt%. Elemental analysis indicates that in the absence of boron, the grain boundaries of columnar grains in the weld pool are decorated with phosphorous. As a result, a complete interface failure occurs during cross tension testing. With the addition of boron, apart from an increase in weld strength and plug diameter, the failure mode switches to a complete plug mode, resulting from the phosphorous depletion at the grain/inter-phase boundaries.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elemental segregation during resistance spot welding of boron containing advanced high strength steels

Amirthalingam

Kwakernaak

et al. 2015

Weld World

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“…the matrix is completely filled with small new grains free of imperfections. The growth rate of such nuclei, expressed in terms of driving force "p" for primary recrystallization and mobility "m" of the interface established between a region (in theory) free of imperfections and another with a high density of imperfections, is written as 23 :…”

Section: Model For Primary Recrystallizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulation of CP-Ti Recrystallization and Grain Growth by a Cellular Automata Algorithm: Simulated Versus Experimental Results

2017

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The application of cellular automata in materials science requires the conversion of the automata's rules and abstract general properties to rules and properties associated with the material and phenomena under study. In this paper we propose a model which uses cellular automata to simulate recrystallization and grain growth during isothermal and non-isothermal treatments of cold worked polycrystalline materials. The algorithm's spatial and temporal scaling is based on known experimental results for recrystallization and grain growth in highly cold-worked commercially pure titanium grade 2. In the recrystallization, the best agreement between experimental and computational results in terms of the process kinetics and the average diameter of recrystallized grains is obtained from a nucleation model that considers the temperature-dependent nuclei formation rate. In the simulation of grain growth after primary recrystallization, the results indicate the normal growth of an equiaxed grain structure whose kinetics and dimensions are comparable to those observed experimentally.

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“…Physically based modeling of the entire threedimensional (3-D) melt-pool geometry is a computationally formidable task. However, modeling the influence of the entire thermal cycle of the welding process with a physically based model for the material can provide new understanding of the microstructure and distortion evolution due to the welding process [4].…”

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confidence: 99%

“…An explanation could be that traditional welding simulations do not consider the polycrystalline nature of the specimen in the FE mesh step. Thus the uncertainties in the numerical calculations procedures include the inaccuracies in the calculation of thermal cycles as well as the approximations in the assumed stress-strain relation, particularly when important solid-state transformations take place [4,5]. The critical first step in creating a science base not only for the repair applications but also for the design and analysis of welds, is to accurately compute the transient temperature field that lead to the formation of non equilibrium phases in and around the welded joint.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Computational models however can provide a detailed description of the residual stress distribution and microstructure development in weldments [4][5][6], though a prerequisite for the calculations is the detailed and accurate time-temperature history obtained from numerical simulations. Commercial software and in-house codes are used to simulate welding and joining processes.…”

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Simulaciones Multiescala en Soldaduras

Bonifaz

2012

Av. Cienc. Ing. (Quito)

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Welding processes involve complex couplings between fluid dynamics, heat transfer and the metallurgical changes experienced by the base metal. Distortion, residual stresses, grain structure, cooling rates, high temperatures and consequently the reduced strength of a structure in and around a weld joint are produced by the localized thermal cycling caused by the intense heat input of fusion welding. With the virtual prediction of weld profiles (shape and size), solidification structures, distribution of impurities, formation of dislocations, distortions and residual stresses of a welded part, processes can be optimized in the early stages of prototyping. The technological properties of fusion welds are formed due to the simultaneous effects of different physical phenomena which occur on different length scales. Correspondingly the simulation of technological properties of fusion welds requires the multiscale approach.Keywords. Residual Stresses, Voronoi Cell Finite Element Modeling (VCFEM), Welding, Solidification; Dislocations. ResumenLos procesos de soldadura involucran acoplamientos complejos entre dinámica de fluídos, transferencia de calor y los cambios metalúrgicos que experimenta el metal base. Distorsión, tensiones residuales, estructura granular, tasas de enfriamiento, altas temperaturas y consecuentemente la resistencia reducida de una estructura en y alrededor de una junta soldada, son producidos por el ciclo térmico localizado causado por la intensa entrada de calor en soldadura de fusión. Con la predicción virtual de perfiles de suelda (forma y tamaño), estructuras de solidificación, distribución de impurezas, formación de dislocaciones, distorsiones y tensiones residuales de una parte soldada, los procesos pueden ser optimizados en la etapa temprana del diseño (prototipo). Las propiedades tecnológicas de las sueldas de fusión son formadas debido a los efectos simultáneos de diferentes fenómenos físi-cos los cuales ocurren a diferentes escalas. Correspondientemente, la simulación de las propiedades tecnológicas requiere la aproximación multiescala.Palabras Clave. Tensiones residuales, Modelación Voronoi-Elementos Finitos, Soldadura, Solidificación, Dislocaciones.Fusion welding processes are widely used for general repair applications. Successful repair requires the transient heat and fluid flow phenomena of the weld pool be addressed adequately to prevent the formation of new grains, equiaxed or columnar, ahead of the epitaxial columnar dendrites. It is well known that the dynamic behaviour of weld pools, due to heat and fluid flow in the weld pool, has significant influence on the temperature distribution, shape and size of the weld pool, final solidification microstructures, and consequently the resultant mechanical properties of the welded joints [1]. It is of great significance to understand the process quantitatively, focused on modelling the transient dynamics of the weld pool, especially the transient heating period after the arc ignites and the transient cooling period after the arc e...

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A physically based model for microstructure development in a macroscopic heat-affected zone: Grain growth and recrystallization

Cited by 27 publications

References 10 publications

Elemental segregation during resistance spot welding of boron containing advanced high strength steels

Elemental segregation during resistance spot welding of boron containing advanced high strength steels

Simulation of CP-Ti Recrystallization and Grain Growth by a Cellular Automata Algorithm: Simulated Versus Experimental Results

Simulaciones Multiescala en Soldaduras

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