A Physically-Based Scheme For The Urban Energy Budget In Atmospheric Models

Masson, Valéry

doi:10.1023/a:1002463829265

Cited by 1,186 publications

(996 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…The direct beam solar radiation received by walls and road is adjusted for orientation and shadowing following the approach of Masson (2000). Depending on canyon orientation, one of the two walls in the canyon is fully or partially illuminated by solar radiation, the other is shaded.…”

Section: ) Incident-direct Solar Radiationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…4. We chose the same wall and road albedo used by Masson (2000) to evaluate the TEB canyon albedo. The canyon albedo shown in Fig.…”

Section: ) Absorbed and Reflected Solar Radiationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, until recently, most modern land surface models (i.e., second-or third-generation models; Sellers et al 1997) have not formally included urban parameterizations. Masson (2006) classifies urban parameterizations in three general categories: 1) empirical models; 2) vegetation models, with and without drag terms, adapted to include an urban canopy; and 3) single-layer and multilayer models that include a threedimensional representation of the urban canopy. Empirical models (e.g., Oke and Cleugh 1987) rely on statistical relations determined from observed data.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the other hand, the level of complexity in a model is limited by the availability of the data that the model requires, the computational burden imposed, and difficulty in understanding complex behavior of the model. Here, following recent developments in detailed urban parameterizations designed for mesoscale models (Masson 2000;Grimmond and Oke 2002;Martilli et al 2002), we describe a singlelayer urban canopy model that is simple enough to be compatible with structural, computational, and data constraints of a land surface model coupled to a global climate model yet is complex enough to enable exploration of physically based processes known to be important in determining urban climatology. Several of the parameterizations are based on the Town Energy Balance (TEB) Model (Masson 2000;Masson et al 2002, hereinafter MG02;Lemonsu et al 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Here, following recent developments in detailed urban parameterizations designed for mesoscale models (Masson 2000;Grimmond and Oke 2002;Martilli et al 2002), we describe a singlelayer urban canopy model that is simple enough to be compatible with structural, computational, and data constraints of a land surface model coupled to a global climate model yet is complex enough to enable exploration of physically based processes known to be important in determining urban climatology. Several of the parameterizations are based on the Town Energy Balance (TEB) Model (Masson 2000;Masson et al 2002, hereinafter MG02;Lemonsu et al 2004). The urban model is implemented within version 3 of the Community Land Model (CLM3; Dickinson et al 2006), which is the land surface component of the Community Climate System Model (CCSM; Collins et al 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An Urban Parameterization for a Global Climate Model. Part I: Formulation and Evaluation for Two Cities

Oleson

Bonan

Feddema

et al. 2008

Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology

256

210

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Urbanization, the expansion of built-up areas, is an important yet less-studied aspect of land use/land cover change in climate science. To date, most global climate models used to evaluate effects of land use/land cover change on climate do not include an urban parameterization. Here, the authors describe the formulation and evaluation of a parameterization of urban areas that is incorporated into the Community Land Model, the land surface component of the Community Climate System Model. The model is designed to be simple enough to be compatible with structural and computational constraints of a land surface model coupled to a global climate model yet complex enough to explore physically based processes known to be important in determining urban climatology. The city representation is based upon the "urban canyon" concept, which consists of roofs, sunlit and shaded walls, and canyon floor. The canyon floor is divided into pervious (e.g., residential lawns, parks) and impervious (e.g., roads, parking lots, sidewalks) fractions. Trapping of longwave radiation by canyon surfaces and solar radiation absorption and reflection is determined by accounting for multiple reflections. Separate energy balances and surface temperatures are determined for each canyon facet. A one-dimensional heat conduction equation is solved numerically for a 10-layer column to determine conduction fluxes into and out of canyon surfaces. Model performance is evaluated against measured fluxes and temperatures from two urban sites. Results indicate the model does a reasonable job of simulating the energy balance of cities.

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Section: ) Incident-direct Solar Radiationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…4. We chose the same wall and road albedo used by Masson (2000) to evaluate the TEB canyon albedo. The canyon albedo shown in Fig.…”

Section: ) Absorbed and Reflected Solar Radiationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

An Urban Parameterization for a Global Climate Model. Part I: Formulation and Evaluation for Two Cities

Oleson

Bonan

Feddema

et al. 2008

Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology

256

210

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Anthropogenic heating of the urban environment due to air conditioning

et al. 2014

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This article investigates the effect of air conditioning (AC) systems on air temperature and examines their electricity consumption for a semiarid urban environment. We simulate a 10 day extreme heat period over the Phoenix metropolitan area (U.S.) with the Weather Research and Forecasting model coupled to a multilayer building energy scheme. The performance of the modeling system is evaluated against 10 Arizona Meteorological Network weather stations and one weather station maintained by the National Weather Service for air temperature, wind speed, and wind direction. We show that explicit representation of waste heat from air conditioning systems improved the 2 m air temperature correspondence to observations. Waste heat release from AC systems was maximum during the day, but the mean effect was negligible near the surface. However, during the night, heat emitted from AC systems increased the mean 2 m air temperature by more than 1°C for some urban locations. The AC systems modified the thermal stratification of the urban boundary layer, promoting vertical mixing during nighttime hours. The anthropogenic processes examined here (i.e., explicit representation of urban energy consumption processes due to AC systems) require incorporation in future meteorological and climate investigations to improve weather and climate predictability. Our results demonstrate that releasing waste heat into the ambient environment exacerbates the nocturnal urban heat island and increases cooling demands.

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Evaluating the impact of urban morphology configurations on the accuracy of urban canopy model temperature simulations with MODIS

Monaghan

Brunsell

et al. 2014

JGR Atmospheres

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Simulations of the urban environment contribute to assessments of current and future urban vulnerabilities to extreme heat events. The accuracy of simulations of the urban canopy can be degraded by inaccurate or oversimplified representations of the urban-built environment within models. Using a 10 year (2003)(2004)(2005)(2006)(2007)(2008)(2009)(2010)(2011)(2012) series of offline 1 km simulations over Greater Houston with the High-Resolution Land Data Assimilation System (HRLDAS), this study explores the model accuracy gained by progressively increasing the complexity of the urban morphology representation in an urban canopy model. The fidelity of the simulations is primarily assessed by a spatiotemporally consistent comparison of a newly developed HRLDAS radiative temperature variable with remotely sensed estimates of land surface temperature from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer. The most accurate urban simulations of radiative temperature are yielded from experiments that (1) explicitly specify the urban fraction in each pixel and (2) include irrigation. The former modification yields a gain in accuracy that is larger than for other changes, such as increasing the number of urban land use types. The latter modification (irrigation) substantially reduces simulated temperature biases and increases model precision compared to model configurations that lack irrigation, presumably because watering of lawns, parks, etc. is a common activity that should be represented in urban canopy models (although it is generally not). Ongoing and future efforts to improve urban canopy model simulations may achieve important gains through better representations of urban morphology, as well as processes that affect near-surface energy partitioning within cities, such as irrigation.

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A Physically-Based Scheme For The Urban Energy Budget In Atmospheric Models

Cited by 1,186 publications

References 29 publications

An Urban Parameterization for a Global Climate Model. Part I: Formulation and Evaluation for Two Cities

An Urban Parameterization for a Global Climate Model. Part I: Formulation and Evaluation for Two Cities

Anthropogenic heating of the urban environment due to air conditioning

Evaluating the impact of urban morphology configurations on the accuracy of urban canopy model temperature simulations with MODIS

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