“…Autism and controls had comparable levels of stimulated cAMP production in platelets (Berry-Kravis 1992; Berry-Kravis and Sklena 1993), potentially useful models of neural signal transduction (Stahl 1977;Camacho and Dimsdale 2000). Plasma cAMP levels have been used as a physiologic indicator of sympathetic arousal (Huhman, Hebert et al 1991), emotional stress (Arnetz 1979), noise related stress-induced anxiety (Iwamoto, Ishii et al 1995), childhood psychoses (Goldberg 1984), and hyperkinetic behavior of autism and mental retardation (Hoshino, Kumashiro et al 1980). Plasma levels of cAMP are elevated in medicated and unmedicated autistic children relative to controls, but plasma cAMP levels are reduced relative to mentally retarded patients with hyperkinetic disorder (Hoshino, Kumashiro et al 1980;Cook 1990).…”