1994
DOI: 10.1002/tera.1420490205
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A physiologically based pharmacokinetic computer model for human pregnancy

Abstract: A physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model for human pregnancy must incorporate many factors that are not usually encountered in PBPK models of mature animals. Models for pregnancy must include the large changes that take place in the mother, the placenta and the embryo/fetus over the period of pregnancy. The embryo/fetal weight change was modeled using the Gompertz equation for growth which gave a good fit to extensive pooled weight data of the human embryo/fetus from 25 to 300 days of gestation. Th… Show more

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Cited by 82 publications
(60 citation statements)
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“…Additional studies that measure nonpersistent pesticides in amniotic fluid and concurrently sampled maternal blood and urine samples would also provide data on the interrelationships of maternal and fetal exposures and aid in the development of physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models for pregnant women and fetuses. Several researchers are currently developing PBPK models describing toxicant dynamics during pregnancy (Luecke et al 1994(Luecke et al , 1997a(Luecke et al , 1997bYoung 1998;Young et al 1997), which may become valuable tools for estimating fetal exposures for risk assessment or epidemiologic studies investigating prenatal exposures where only maternal biologic samples are available. Given the initial promising findings of this study, additional research is needed to better characterize contaminants in amniotic fluid and the potential health risks to the fetus and developing child.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Additional studies that measure nonpersistent pesticides in amniotic fluid and concurrently sampled maternal blood and urine samples would also provide data on the interrelationships of maternal and fetal exposures and aid in the development of physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models for pregnant women and fetuses. Several researchers are currently developing PBPK models describing toxicant dynamics during pregnancy (Luecke et al 1994(Luecke et al , 1997a(Luecke et al , 1997bYoung 1998;Young et al 1997), which may become valuable tools for estimating fetal exposures for risk assessment or epidemiologic studies investigating prenatal exposures where only maternal biologic samples are available. Given the initial promising findings of this study, additional research is needed to better characterize contaminants in amniotic fluid and the potential health risks to the fetus and developing child.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…One might, for example, want to separate brain from other richly perfused tissues if the model were for a chemical that had a toxic effect on the central nervous system (86)(87)(88). Other examples of additional compartments include the addition of placental and mammary compartments to model pregnancy and lactation (89)(90)(91). The interactions of chemical mixtures can even be described by including compartments for more than one chemical in the model (92)(93)(94).…”
Section: Modeling Philosophymentioning
confidence: 97%
“…Models have been developed to describe the disposition of a number of chemicals in pregnant rodents and their fetuses as well as in the lactating rat and nursing pup (Krishnan and Andersen 1998). Luecke et al (1994) and Welsch et al (1995) have adapted such models to human pregnancy to forecast potential teratogenic events. O'Flaherty developed PBPK models that accurately predicted time courses of lead in the blood and its deposition in bones of developing rats (O'Flaherty 1991) and children (O'Flaherty 1995).…”
Section: Phase Ii: Data Analysis and Development Of Risk Assessment Amentioning
confidence: 99%