A Phytophthora effector recruits a host cytoplasmic transacetylase into nuclear speckles to enhance plant susceptibility

Li, Haiyang; Wang, Haonan; Jing, Maofeng; Zhu, J.; Guo, Baodian; Lin, Yachun; Chen, Han; Kong, Liang; Ma, Zhenchuan; Wang, Yan; Ye, Wenwu; Dong, Suomeng; Tyler, Brett M.; Wang, Yuanchao

doi:10.7554/elife.40039

Cited by 64 publications

(78 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…The putative protein domain of BxSapB2 was predicted by using the Simple Modular Architecture Research Tool (SMART) (Letunic, Doerks, & Bork, 2015). Alignment of the amino acid and nucleotide sequences of BxSapB2 and BxSapB1 was performed using BioEdit with ClustalW multiple alignment (Li, Wang, et al, 2018). Further, BxSapB2 was found in the upregulated gene list from the B. xylophilus transcriptome in the early stages of infection (Hu et al., 2019).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on the latest reports, PWD has spread to many provinces in the south and east of China, including Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Anhui, Fujian, and others. Bursaphelenchus xylophilus damages pine trees and natural landscapes in most areas of China and results in notable economic losses (Huang, Wang, Tian, Zhu, & Ye, 2019; Li, Tan, & Chen,2018; Zhou et al., 2017). Although the genome sequence of B. xylophilus is available (Kikuchi et al., 2011), many details of the mechanisms underlying interactions between this nematode and the host trees have not been elucidated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A key effector, BxSapB2, plays a role in the pathogenicity of the pine wood nematode Bursaphelenchus xylophilus

Zhao

et al. 2020

Forest Pathology

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The pine wood nematode (PWN), Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, causes huge economic losses in pine forests. The plant‐parasitic nematodes have a complex life cycle that includes the secretion of effector proteins through a stylet into the host cell to promote parasitism. In this study, SignalP 4.1 and TMHMM 2.0 were used in preliminary screens for candidate effectors and were expressed in Nicotiana benthamiana through the PVX virus expression vector. The yeast signal sequence trap system was used to further study the function of the signal peptide of an effector, BxSapB2. In situ hybridization was conducted to investigate the localization of BxSapB2, followed by RNA interference technology (RNAi) to assess the functions of BxSapB2. The results demonstrate that BxSapB2 is a secreted protein that induces cell death in N. benthamiana and is highly expressed in esophageal gland cells and amphids of B. xylophilus. BxSapB2 was determined to be related to the pathogenicity of B. xylophilus. The results of this work indicate that BxSapB2 plays an important role in the interactions between B. xylophilus and the hosts.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A key effector, BxSapB2, plays a role in the pathogenicity of the pine wood nematode Bursaphelenchus xylophilus

Zhao

et al. 2020

Forest Pathology

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“…Nudix水解酶活性降解ADPR, NADH等信号分子, 进而抑制植物免疫 [216] , 其活性依赖于植物亲环素 [218] , 揭示了病原蛋白利用宿主因子加工进而发挥毒性功能的新机制; 发现Avh262通过稳定植物内质网蛋白BiP, 缓解内质网压力引起的细胞坏死, 从而促进大豆疫霉侵染 [219] ; 发现效应蛋白Avh23和Avh52通过调控寄主染色质组蛋白的乙酰化修饰, 进而精确地抑制抗病基因表达, 促进感病基因的表达, 从而在表观修饰水平有效地干扰植物免疫反应的机制 [220,222] ; 与中国科学院上海植物逆境中心研究组合作, 解析了大豆疫霉效应蛋白Avh240的晶体结构, 并鉴定到了一个植物胞外免疫的新成员GmAP1, 揭示了大豆疫霉菌抑制GmAP1 外泌的这一干扰植物胞外免疫的新机制 [223] ; 发现了疫…”

Section: 种保守表观遗传调控机制测序鉴定出了400多个进unclassified

Plant immunity and sustainable control of pests in China: Advances, opportunities and challenges

Zhang¹,

Dong²,

Wang³

et al. 2019

Sci. Sin.-Vitae

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“…This principle was recently demonstrated for P. sojae effector Avh52 that recruits a cytoplasmic host transacetylase, GmTAP1, into the nucleus. Nuclear-localized GmTAP1 is able to transacetylase histones, which enhances susceptibility of N. benthamiana to P. capsici [73]. Also, Arabidopsis protein RD19 that was discovered as interactor of Ralstonia solanacearum type III effector Pop2 in a Y2H screen, relocalized to the nucleus in the presence of the effector and physically associated with Pop2.…”

Section: Co-expression Of Effectors and Interactors Induces Protein Rmentioning

confidence: 99%

Host targets of effectors of the lettuce downy mildew Bremia lactucae from cDNA-based yeast two-hybrid screening

Pelgrom

Meisrimler

Elberse

et al. 2019

Preprint

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21Plant pathogenic bacteria, fungi and oomycetes secrete effector proteins to manipulate host 22 cell processes to establish a successful infection. Over the last decade the genomes and transcriptomes 23 of many agriculturally important plant pathogens have been sequenced and vast candidate effector 24 repertoires were identified using bioinformatic analyses. Elucidating the contribution of individual 25 effectors to pathogenicity is the next major hurdle. To advance our understanding of the molecular 26 mechanisms underlying lettuce susceptibility to the downy mildew Bremia lactucae, we mapped a 27 network of physical interactions between B. lactucae effectors and lettuce target proteins. Using a 28 lettuce cDNA library-based yeast-two-hybrid system, 61 protein-protein interactions were identified, 29 involving 21 B. lactucae effectors and 46 unique lettuce proteins. The top ten targets based on the 30 number of independent colonies identified in the Y2H and two targets that belong to gene families 31 involved in plant immunity, were further characterized. We determined the subcellular localization of 32 the fluorescently tagged target proteins and their interacting effectors. Importantly, relocalization of 33 effectors or targets to the nucleus was observed for four effector-target pairs upon their co-expression, 34 supporting their interaction in planta. 42 nucleotide-binding and leucine-rich repeat receptors (NLRs) recognize host translocated effectors, or 43 the perturbations effectors induce on host proteins, resulting in the activation of effector-triggered 44 immunity (ETI). In turn, ETI can be counteracted by other effectors leading to a state of effector-45 triggered susceptibility (ETS) [1]. 46 Fungi and oomycetes secrete apoplastic effectors that operate at the host-pathogen interface, 47 and host-translocated effectors that act intracellularly in the host. The genomes of different pathogens 48 encode for extensive candidate effector sets, which have specific characteristics based on their origin. 49 Fungal genomes encode e.g. small apoplastic cysteine-rich proteins [2], plant pathogenic downy 50 mildews and Phytophthora species express host-translocated Crinklers and RXLR effectors [3-6] 51 whereas plant pathogenic Gram-negative bacteria, e.g. Pseudomonas syringae, inject type III effectors 52 into host cells [7]. At present, the major challenge lies in elucidating the contribution of individual 53 effectors to the infection process through the identification of plant targets and analysis of the 54 molecular mechanisms that contribute to disease susceptibility. 55 Effector targets were systematically studied in Arabidopsis thaliana by identifying physical 56 interactions between Arabidopsis proteins and effector proteins of the bacterium P. syringae, the 57 obligate biotrophic oomycete Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis, and the obligate biotrophic 58 ascomycete Golovinomyces orontii resulting from a yeast-two-hybrid (Y2H) screening of ~8000 59 Arabidopsis ORFs [8,9]. Interactions between 123 effectors a...

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A Phytophthora effector recruits a host cytoplasmic transacetylase into nuclear speckles to enhance plant susceptibility

Cited by 64 publications

References 55 publications

A key effector, BxSapB2, plays a role in the pathogenicity of the pine wood nematode Bursaphelenchus xylophilus

A key effector, BxSapB2, plays a role in the pathogenicity of the pine wood nematode Bursaphelenchus xylophilus

Plant immunity and sustainable control of pests in China: Advances, opportunities and challenges

Host targets of effectors of the lettuce downy mildew Bremia lactucae from cDNA-based yeast two-hybrid screening

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