A PICU/LSU Environment Assessment Inventory

Dix, Roland; Pereira, Stephen; Chaudhry, Khadija; Dale, Colin; Halliwell, Jim

doi:10.1017/s1742646406000112

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…The EAI is a 55-item inventory based on national guidelines and PICU research that provides quantitative data assessing the ward environment against National Minimum Standards (Pereira & Clinton, 2002). A national survey using the EAI demonstrated its 'validity and sensitivity to discriminate good and bad physical environments' (Dix et al 2005). Standards are grouped into four main areas:…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Table 1 highlights those standards that have been met on the new ward but which were not previously achieved on the old ward. The critical area, which assesses key factors that 'critically affect the functioning of the unit' (Dix et al 2005) can be identified as the most important region of improvement and highlights development of ensuite facilities for bedrooms, separate Section 136 facilities (areas to assess patients detained by the police), gender specific areas and a seclusion area conforming to Department of Health (1999) guidelines. The seclusion area is also located more proximally to the nursing station on the new ward.…”

Section: Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A study of agitation, conflict and containment in association with change in ward physical environment

Jenkins

Dye

Foy

2014

J. Psychiatr. Intensive Care

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Aims: To assess the impact of a changed ward environment upon levels of inpatient arousal and aggression on a National Health Service psychiatric intensive care unit.Method: A retrospective service evaluation comparing seclusion episodes, duration of close observation, recorded aggressive incidents and data from the Nursing Observed Illness Intensity Scale (NOIIS) on a psychiatric intensive care unit for two three-month periods either side of a move from an old, temporary building to a new, purpose-built ward. The ward environments were also objectively assessed and compared using the Environment Assessment Inventory (EAI).Results: A statistically significant reduction in episodes of seclusion, total seclusion hours and aggressive incidents, as well as a reduction in levels of agitation from the NOIIS data on the new ward compared to the old ward. The EAI scores showed important qualitative improvements on the new ward.Conclusions: This study supports the hypothesis that the physical environment of a psychiatric intensive care unit has a significant impact on levels of arousal and aggression. Established measures of ward environment should be applied to the development and improvement of psychiatric wards.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

A study of agitation, conflict and containment in association with change in ward physical environment

Jenkins

Dye

Foy

2014

J. Psychiatr. Intensive Care

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“…The attention given to psychiatric hospitals varies across health systems of different countries (World Health Organization, 2011a, 2011b), and cultural differences affect the relationships between physicians, staff, and patients (Røssberg & Friis, 2003a). Ward Design Checklist (Sheehan et al, 2013), Design in Mind (Csipke et al, 2016, p.13), Low Secure Services (QELS) checklist (Aimola et al, 2016), and Environment Assessment Inventory (EAI) (Dix et al, 2005) consider only the physical environment of the wards. In short, no instrument was found to examine the safe environment in psychiatry departments specifically.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of “The Safe Psychiatric Ward Battery”

et al. 2022

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This study reports the development process and psychometric testing of the safe environment in psychiatric wards instrument. In this mixed-methods study, the concept of a safe environment was explained with a qualitative study by performing semi-structured interviews with patients and staff and ward observation. Then, the items of the instrument were designed using qualitative data and a literature review. Content and construct validity, internal consistency, stability, and inter-rater agreement were evaluated. This study produced an instrument consisting of two sections. The first section was a scale (α = .920). Exploratory factor analysis of the scale identified two dimensions of “engagement” (α = .931) and “perception” of the physical environment (α = .760). The second section was a checklist with two dimensions, “accident-free living environment” and “staff empowerment.” The intra-class correlation coefficients for the scale and checklist were .912 and .809, respectively. This study suggests that this instrument is a valid and reliable tool to assess safety in psychiatric wards.

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“…For psychiatric in-patients, patient characteristics (including diagnosis) and psychosocial environmental factors are powerful determinants of what happens in the hospital, including behaviour disturbances, service user opinions and also, sometimes, illness outcomes. 3,4 Clark 5 was one of those who showed that different wards for different varieties of patient should have different sorts of environment, drawing on the extensive previous research in this field (e.g. Stanton & Schwartz 6 ).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The psychiatric ward as a therapeutic space

Jenkins

2015

Br J Psychiatry

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A PICU/LSU Environment Assessment Inventory

Cited by 6 publications

References 1 publication

A study of agitation, conflict and containment in association with change in ward physical environment

A study of agitation, conflict and containment in association with change in ward physical environment

Development of “The Safe Psychiatric Ward Battery”

The psychiatric ward as a therapeutic space

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