A Pig Model of the Preterm Neonate: Anthropometric and Physiological Characteristics

Eiby, Yvonne A.; Wright, Layne L.; Kalanjati, Viskasari Pintoko; Miller, Stephanie M.; Björkman, S. T.; Keates, H.; Lumbers, Eugenie R.; Colditz, Paul B.; Lingwood, Barbara E.

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0068763

Cited by 77 publications

(90 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…The piglet model has been used in other studies on neonatal resuscitation [21]. Moreover, it has been suggested that newborn piglets can provide a relevant model for some aspects of human physiology during the neonatal period [24]. We did not use the Masimo Blue sensor which is intended for low oxygen saturation conditions [25].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reliability of Pulse Oximetry during Progressive Hypoxia, Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation, and Recovery in a Piglet Model of Neonatal Hypoxic Cardiac Arrest

et al. 2017

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Background: Pulse oximetry is widely used in intensive care and emergency conditions to monitor arterial oxygenation and to guide oxygen therapy. Objective: To study the reliability of pulse oximetry in comparison with CO-oximetry in newborn piglets during progressive hypoxia, cardiac arrest, cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), and after return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC). Methods: Thirty-three newborn piglets were exposed to hypoxia until asystole occurred and then resuscitated until ROSC. Arterial oxygen saturation was monitored continuously by pulse oximetry (SpO₂) with one sensor applied to the wrist of the right forelimb (FL) and another to the thigh of the left hind limb (HL). Arterial functional oxygen saturation (SaO₂) was measured at baseline and at predefined intervals during each phase of the experiment. SpO₂ was compared with coinciding SaO₂ values and bias considered whenever the difference (SpO₂ - SaO₂) was beyond ±5%. Results: Bias values were lower at the baseline measurements (-3.7 ± 2.3% in FL and -4.1 ± 3.4% in HL) as well as after ROSC (1.5 ± 4.2% in FL and 0.2 ± 4.6% in HL) with higher precision and accuracy than during other experiment phases. During hypoxia induction, cardiac arrest, and CPR, there was a marked decrease in precision and accuracy as well as an increase in bias up to 43 ± 26 and 56 ± 27% in FL and HL, respectively, over a range of SaO₂ from 13 to 51%. Conclusion: Pulse oximetry showed increased bias and decreased accuracy and precision during marked hypoxemia in a model of neonatal hypoxic cardiac arrest.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reliability of Pulse Oximetry during Progressive Hypoxia, Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation, and Recovery in a Piglet Model of Neonatal Hypoxic Cardiac Arrest

et al. 2017

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“…However, the piglet model has been used in several studies on neonatal resuscitation [20,27]. Moreover, it has been suggested that newborn piglets can provide a relevant model of human preterm physiology during neonatal age [28]. We did not correct the CO-oximetry for porcine blood.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reliability of Pulse Oximetry during Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation in a Piglet Model of Neonatal Cardiac Arrest

et al. 2014

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Background: Pulse oximetry is widely used in intensive care and emergency conditions to monitor arterial oxygenation and to guide oxygen therapy. Objective: To study the reliability of pulse oximetry in comparison with CO-oximetry in newborn piglets during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). Methodology: In a prospective cohort study in 30 healthy newborn piglets, cardiac arrest was induced, and thereafter each piglet received CPR for 20 min. Arterial oxygen saturation was monitored continuously by pulse oximetry (SpO₂). Arterial blood was analyzed for functional oxygenation (SaO₂) every 2 min. SpO₂ was compared with coinciding SaO₂ values and bias considered whenever the difference (SpO₂ - SaO₂) was beyond ±5%. Results: Bias values were decreased at the baseline measurements (mean: 2.5 ± 4.6%) with higher precision and accuracy compared with values across the experiment. Two minutes after cardiac arrest, there was a marked decrease in precision and accuracy as well as an increase in bias up to 13 ± 34%, reaching a maximum of 45.6 ± 28.3% after 10 min over a mean SaO₂ range of 29-58%. Conclusion: Pulse oximetry showed increased bias and decreased accuracy and precision during CPR in a model of neonatal cardiac arrest. We recommend further studies to clarify the exact mechanisms of these false readings to improve reliability of pulse oximetry during the marked desaturation and hypoperfusion found during CPR. © 2014 S. Karger AG, Basel

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“…isoflurane anaesthesia (1-2% in air) for the duration of the surgery [23] . Upon delivery, the piglets were weighed and euthanised with an injection of sodium pentobarbital (325 mg/kg, intracardiac or umbilical artery).…”

Section: Animals and Tissue Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developmental Changes in Expression of GABAA Receptor Subunits α1, α2, and α3 in the Pig Brain

et al. 2017

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GABA is a major neurotransmitter in the mammalian brain. In the mature brain GABA exerts inhibitory actions via the GABA_A receptor (GABA_AR); however, in the immature brain GABA provides much of the excitatory drive. We examined the expression of 3 predominant GABA_A α-subunit proteins in the pig brain at various pre- and postnatal ages. Brain tissue was collected from piglets born via caesarean section at preterm ages 91, 97, 100, and 104 days' gestational age (GA), at term equivalent (114 days' GA, caesarean section) and at term, postnatal day 0 (P0) (spontaneous delivery, term = 115 days). Tissue was obtained from piglets at P4 and P7. Adult tissue from sows was collected postmortem after caesarean section. In all cortical regions and basal ganglia (1) α₃ exhibited a significant increase in protein expression at 100 days' GA, (2) α₃ expression decreased with age after 100 days' GA, (3) α₁ increased with age, with peak expression at P7 in cortices, hippocampus, and thalamus, and (4) α₂ protein expression remained relatively constant across the ages examined. The subunit expression of α₃ was most abundant at preterm ages, with α₁ the predominant subunit expressed postnatally. Immunofluorescent labelling revealed α₁ expression on the somatic membranes of pyramidal cells in the cortex and hippocampus, and in the cerebellar Purkinje cells. Positive α₃ labelling was apparent on interneurones in the cortex and hippocampus. The switch between dominant α-subunits may coincide with the functional change in GABAergic neurotransmission from excitation to inhibition. Brain growth in the pig closely reflects that in the term human, making the pig a valuable non-primate model for studying development and the effects of insults on the perinatal brain.

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A Pig Model of the Preterm Neonate: Anthropometric and Physiological Characteristics

Cited by 77 publications

References 36 publications

Reliability of Pulse Oximetry during Progressive Hypoxia, Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation, and Recovery in a Piglet Model of Neonatal Hypoxic Cardiac Arrest

Reliability of Pulse Oximetry during Progressive Hypoxia, Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation, and Recovery in a Piglet Model of Neonatal Hypoxic Cardiac Arrest

Reliability of Pulse Oximetry during Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation in a Piglet Model of Neonatal Cardiac Arrest

Developmental Changes in Expression of GABA<sub>A</sub> Receptor Subunits α<sub>1</sub>, α<sub>2</sub>, and α<sub>3</sub> in the Pig Brain

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