A Pilot Daily Diary Study of Changes in Stress and Cannabis Use Quantity Across the Menstrual Cycle

Hanzal, Nacera; Joyce, Kayla M.; Tibbo, Philip; Stewart, Sherry H.

doi:10.26828/cannabis.2019.02.002

Cited by 6 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…Findings are consistent with literature suggesting females with heightened pre-menstrual distress work harder to "buy" larger cannabis quantities versus females with low pre-menstrual distress [36]. As previous studies failed to examine PMDD diagnoses/symptoms [34][35][36], whether cannabis use elevations were evident pre-menstrually/menstrually may depend on inclusion of sufficient females with PMDD.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

“…Three studies have examined the MC phase-cannabis use relationship, with mixed findings [34][35][36]. Mello and Mendelson [36] assessed cannabis acquisition across the MC with a 35-day in-laboratory design where participants "bought" cannabis using a fixed-ratio task.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…mail-in versus online time-locked surveys). Hanzal et al [35] used a daily diary study to assess stress and subsequent cannabis use across MC phase. Consistent with SMT, stress and cannabis use increased pre-menstrually, versus the ovulatory and follicular/ovulatory phases, respectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The impact of depressed mood and coping motives on cannabis use quantity across the menstrual cycle in those with and without pre‐menstrual dysphoric disorder

et al. 2021

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Background and Aims Reported rates of cannabis use among Canadian females are increasing. Female cannabis users progress to cannabis use disorder more rapidly than males (telescoping) and have higher rates of emotional disorder comorbidity. Addictive behaviors may change, along with mood and motivations, across the menstrual cycle (MC), particularly for females with pre‐menstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD). This study aimed to determine whether increases in depressed mood and coping motives would predict increased cannabis use pre‐menstrually/menstrually, particularly among females with PMDD. We also assessed positive mood and enhancement motive ratings to establish specificity of predicted depressed mood and coping motive results. Design Observational study using data collected across 32 days using electronic daily diary methods. Setting Nova Scotia, Canada. Participants Sixty‐nine naturally cycling female cannabis users (Mean (M) age = 29.25, Standard Deviation (SD) = 5.66) with and without retrospectively identified PMDD (via structured clinical interview) and prospectively identified PMDD (via elevated pre‐menstrual depressed mood). Self‐reported MC phase was validated using salivary progesterone concentrations. Measurements Depressed/positive mood, coping‐/enhancement‐motivated cannabis use, and cannabis use quantity. Findings Coping motives explained heightened cannabis use pre‐menstrually/menstrually in those with retrospectively identified PMDD. Depressed mood explained increased cannabis use menstrually in those with retrospectively/prospectively identified PMDD. Moreover, prospectively identified PMDD significantly moderated the relationship between depressed mood and cannabis use quantity menstrually. In those with prospectively identified PMDD, positive mood and enhancement motives were associated with decreased cannabis use during the follicular/ovulatory phases. Females with versus without retrospectively identified PMDD also displayed greater overall cannabis use quantity (M [SD] = 3.44[2.84] standard joint equivalents versus 1.85[1.82], respectively; U = 277.50, P = 0.008). Conclusions Depressed mood may explain heightened cannabis use menstrually in females with pre‐menstrual dysphoric disorder. Coping motives may explain heightened cannabis use pre‐menstrually/menstrually in females with retrospectively identified with pre‐menstrual dysphoric disorder.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The impact of depressed mood and coping motives on cannabis use quantity across the menstrual cycle in those with and without pre‐menstrual dysphoric disorder

et al. 2021

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“…Several studies have shown a relationship between substance use, both alcohol and CB, and depression ( 21 ). In fact, recent studies have shown an increase in use of both substances during the premenstrual phase when progesterone is rapidly decreasing ( 27 , 28 ). This phase of the menstrual cycle has also been linked to increased depressive symptoms ( 17 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Interestingly, relationships between sex hormones and substance use have also been observed. For example, there is evidence of increased alcohol (27) and CB (28) use during the premenstrual phase suggesting a link between substance use, depression and fluctuating sex hormones. There is also a growing literature that demonstrates that estrogens interact with the endocannabinoid system (29)(30)(31)(32).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association Between Hormonal Birth Control, Substance Use, and Depression

Newman

2022

Front. Psychiatry

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ObjectiveThe current study examined the impact of the use of hormonal birth control, cannabis (CB), and alcohol on depression symptoms.Study DesignSurvey data from 3,320 college-aged women collected over a 2-year period. Depression symptoms were assessed using the PHQ-9.ResultsIndividuals taking hormonal birth control (N = 998; age = 19.1 ± 1.6 years) had lower overall depression scores than did those not taking birth control (N = 2,322; age = 19.1 ± 1.8 years) with 15.2% of those not taking hormonal birth control had depressive symptoms while 12.1% of those in the birth control group had depressive symptoms. Additionally, those taking hormonal birth control had higher scores on the alcohol and CB use assessment. A between-subjects ANOVA with depression score as the dependent variable found significant effects hormonal birth control use, CB and alcohol use, as well as a significant interaction between CB use and hormonal birth control use.ConclusionsWhile there are some limitations (e.g., the between subjects design makes it such that there may be uncontrolled differences between groups), the results suggest that hormonal birth control use may help to reduce depressive symptoms.ImplicationsMore studies examining the impact of hormonal birth control and substance use on depression are required. The results suggest a potential interaction between CB and hormonal birth control use on depression symptoms that is not observed for alcohol. This implies that alcohol and CB may be linked to depression via different mechanisms.

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