A pilot study comparing<i>in vitro</i>efficacy of topical preparations against veterinary pathogens

Uri, Maarja; Buckley, Laura; Marriage, Louise; McEwan, Neil; Schmidt, Vanessa

doi:10.1111/vde.12306

Cited by 12 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…However, a previous study evaluated the mean bacterial and fungicidal concentrations (MBC and MFC, respectively) of a shampoo containing 3% chlorhexidine and 0.5% climbazole (DOUXO Pyo® Shampoo, Sogeval; Laval Cedex, France) against S . pseudintermedius in vitro and found higher MBCs and MFCs when compared to a 3% chlorhexidine solution alone . That study leads the present authors to believe that climbazole and chlorhexidine may not be synergistic; however, additional studies are needed to further evaluate this phenomenon.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Residual antibacterial activity of canine hair treated with five mousse products againstStaphylococcus pseudintermedius in vitro

Ramos

Woodward

Hoppers

et al. 2019

Veterinary Dermatology

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Background -Topical therapy alone can be effective in the treatment of canine pyoderma. Topical products are commercially available as shampoos, sprays, wipes and mousses. To date, no studies have evaluated the efficacy of commercially available mousse products in the treatment of canine pyoderma.Objective -To determine the residual antibacterial activity of canine hairs treated with mousse products containing different active ingredients.Animals -Fifteen client-owned dogs with no history of dermatological disease.Methods and materials -Dogs were treated once with five mousse products [(i) 2% chlorhexidine and 1% ketoconazole, (ii) 2% chlorhexidine and 2% miconazole, (iii) 3% chlorhexidine and 0.5% climbazole, (iv) 2% salicylic acid 10% ethyl lactate and (v) phytosphingosine HCl 0.05%; control]. Hair samples were collected from each treatment area before application, one hour after application and on days 2, 4, 7, 10 and 14 post-treatment. Collected hairs were weighed and plated on Mueller-Hinton agar plates streaked with a Staphylococcus pseudintermedius isolate showing no antimicrobial resistance. Plates were incubated for 24 h and bacterial growth inhibition zones around the hairs were measured.Results -Mousses 1, 2 and 3 created significant inhibition zones up to Day 10 when compared to pre-treatment samples. On Day 14, only mousse 3 produced a significant zone of inhibition when compared to the pre-treatment sample. Mousses 4 and 5 showed no statistical difference between any of the samples.Conclusions and clinical importance -These results suggest that three of the mousse products had residual activity in inhibiting S. pseudintermedius growth in vitro for at least 10 days.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Residual antibacterial activity of canine hair treated with five mousse products againstStaphylococcus pseudintermedius in vitro

Ramos

Woodward

Hoppers

et al. 2019

Veterinary Dermatology

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“…Uri and others (2016) reported that the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of MDR (multiple drug resistant) PA was 0.94 g/L compared to the recommended concentration of 0.5 g/L. [23] The wipes in our study contain 0.3% (3 g/L) chlorhexidine, which is lower than that in many topical products (typically 2–4%; 20-40 g/L). Nevertheless, in vitro inhibition has been demonstrated with a 0.15% chlorhexidine ear cleaner, and chlorhexidine has MIC and minimal bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) of 0.6–10 mg/L against the ESBL-EC and 5–10 mg/L against the PA isolates used in this study (data submitted for publication).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

“…MICs for chlorhexidine against ESBL-EC in human clinical isolates was determined as < 1-2 mg/L [26, 27] and in avian isolates as 0.5-1 mg/L. [27] MBCs of ESBL-EC were 7.32 mg/L (3 min incubation) to 1.83 mg/L (10 min incubation) with a 4% chlorhexidine product, and 468.75 mg/L (3 and 10 min incubations) with a 3% chlorhexidine/0.5% climbazole product [23]. These additional studies have determined MIC/MBC comparable to the our submitted study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A pilot study of the in vitro antimicrobial activity and in vivo residual activity of chlorhexidine and acetic acid/boric acid impregnated cleansing wipes

Rafferty

Robinson²,

Harris

et al. 2019

BMC Vet Res

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BackgroundTopical antimicrobials are recommended for first line treatment of surface and superficial infections in dogs. This is especially important given the increasing prevalence of antimicrobial resistant infections. Antimicrobial wipes have become popular, but there are a lack of controlled studies assessing their in vitro antimicrobial and in vivo residual activity. We aimed to assess the antimicrobial efficacy of two commercial antimicrobial wipes against frequently isolated pathogens.Ten clinical and one reference isolate each of meticillin-susceptible Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (MSSP), meticillin-resistant S. pseudintermedius (MRSP), Escherichia coli (EC), extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing E. coli (ESBL-EC), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) and Malassezia pachydermatis (MP) were tested using a modified Kirby-Bauer technique. Each isolate was tested against 6 mm discs of chlorhexidine (CHX) and acetic acid/boric acid (AABA) wipes, and positive and negative controls either overnight (bacteria) or for 3 days (Malassezia).Healthy dogs were treated with the wipes and distilled water on a randomised flank (n = 5 each). Hair samples (1 cm; 0.1 g) taken at days 0, 1 and 3 were inoculated with an isolate of each organism. Zones of inhibition (ZI) were measured.ResultsAll isolates produced confluent growth with AABA and control wipes, except for the cleansing wipes and MP (median ZI 12 mm; 95% CI 8.2–15.8). The median (95% CI) CHX wipe ZIs (mm) were: MP 48.0 (47.0–49.0), MSSP 15.6 (14.2–17.0), MRSP 14.0 (13.6–14.4), EC 13.6 (12.0–15.2) and ESBL-EC 10.0 (9.4–10.6). PA showed confluent growth. The differences between the bacterial isolates was significant (Kruskal-Wallis p < 0.0001; post-tests MSSP = MRSP = EC > EBSL-EC > PA). Confluent growth was visible with all the hair samples.ConclusionCHX but not AABA showed in vitro efficacy against MSSP, MRSP, EC and MP. ESBL-EC were less susceptible and there was no activity against PA. There was no residual activity on hair. Additional studies are required to determine efficacy of these products in clinically affected patients.

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“…31,33 An in vitro pilot study evaluating the minimum bactericidal and fungicidal concentrations (MBC/MFC) of seven antiseptics against veterinary pathogens at 3 and 10 min postapplication reported that hypochlorous acid had significantly lower MBC and MFC compared to sodium hypochlorite. 33 In another pilot study, 19 dogs with superficial pyoderma were treated with either a saline spray (11 of 19) or 0.011% veterinarylabelled hypochlorous acid spray (eight of 19) twice daily for 4 weeks. No statistically significant differences in lesion scores, polymorphonuclear leucocyte counts and intracellular cocci counts were reported between groups.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro efficacy of 0.2% and 0.4% sodium oxychlorosene against meticillin‐resistantStaphylococcus pseudintermedius

Lake¹,

Rankin

Rosenkrantz³

et al. 2022

Veterinary Dermatology

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Background There is a need for alternative topical therapies as a consequence of the increased prevalence of meticillin‐resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (MRSP) skin infections in dogs. Sodium oxychlorosene has been used as a topical antibacterial agent in human medicine since 1955. Objectives To determine whether 0.2% and 0.4% sodium oxychlorosene solutions have a bactericidal effect (>3‐log reduction) on MRSP strains isolated from canine skin infections. Methods and materials A genetically heterogeneous collection of MRSP isolates from dogs was assembled from laboratories across the United States. Time–kill assays were performed with 0.2% and 0.4% sodium oxychlorosene on a 0.5 McFarland standard [approximately 108 colony‐forming units (cfu/ml)] suspension of each strain. The average bacterial counts (cfu/ml) of each MRSP strain then were determined at 5, 10, 20 and 60 s after exposure to sodium oxychlorosene; cfu/ml data were converted to log10 scale to calculate microbial reduction. Results The average bacterial counts following exposure to the 0.2% solution at 5, 10, 20 and 60 s were 6.94 × 104, 5.63 × 103, 2.96 × 102 and 1.48 × 102 cfu/ml, respectively. For the 0.4% solution, the average bacterial count at 5 s was 2.12 × 103 cfu/ml. No bacterial growth was observed for any MRSP strain by 10 s. The greatest reduction in cfu/ml occurred within 5 s following exposure to each solution 3.4‐log and 4.9‐log reduction for 0.2% and 0.4%, respectively. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance 0.2% and 0.4% sodium oxychlorosene solutions have a bactericidal effect (>99.9% reduction) against MRSP in vitro. Further in vivo studies are necessary to determine whether it is an appropriate alternative therapy for canine pyoderma

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A pilot study comparingin vitroefficacy of topical preparations against veterinary pathogens

Abstract: Chlorhexidine, NaOCl and HOCl demonstrated low MBCs against tested organisms, suggesting potential in vivo efficacy. The selection of an appropriate antimicrobial agent, however, cannot be based exclusively upon MBC/MFC data; other factors should be considered.

Cited by 12 publications

References 55 publications

Residual antibacterial activity of canine hair treated with five mousse products againstStaphylococcus pseudintermedius in vitro

Residual antibacterial activity of canine hair treated with five mousse products againstStaphylococcus pseudintermedius in vitro

A pilot study of the in vitro antimicrobial activity and in vivo residual activity of chlorhexidine and acetic acid/boric acid impregnated cleansing wipes

In vitro efficacy of 0.2% and 0.4% sodium oxychlorosene against meticillin‐resistantStaphylococcus pseudintermedius

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