A Pilot Study of the Home Application of Transcutaneous Neuromodulation in Children With Urgency or Urge Incontinence

Abstract

Initial evaluation of the home application of surface neuromodulation in children with urgency and/or urge incontinence revealed positive results and warrants a randomized controlled investigation. The finding that children were not completely dry with this treatment in isolation suggests that further study is needed to identify optimal treatment duration and stimulus intensity.

Electrical stimulation for lower urinary tract dysfunction in children: A systematic review of the literature

“…After screening the titles and abstracts of these, 20 relevant articles remained. Seventeen papers fulfilled the inclusion criteria 10–24. Two articles were excluded because the outcomes in patients with LUTD were not differentiated from those with neurogenic bladder dysfunction, and one study because it evaluated electrical stimulation in a child with myasthenia gravis 25–27.…”

“…The level of evidence of the studies is stated in Table I. Nine studies were prospective,10, 11, 16–18, 21–24 two were retrospective,12, 13 and in six this information was not clear 8, 9, 14, 15, 19, 20. Thirteen studies were observational studies 8–18, 20, 22…”

“…Six studies claimed to be treating patients with OAB10–12, 17, 18, 21 or urodynamically proven detrusor overactivity (DOA),8, 9, 13, 19, 22, 23 two with dysfunctional voiding,10, 22 and two with underactive bladder/detrusor underactivity 16, 22. From those series that treated patients with OAB/DOA, five reported that dysfunctional voiding patients were excluded,11, 17, 18, 21, 23 and in six studies this information was not clear 8–10, 12, 13, 19. In the studies by Humphreys et al14 and Roth et al15 patients underwent urodynamic evaluation, however it was difficult to interpret the type of LUTD diagnosed.…”

“…During the last two decades electrical neural stimulation (ENS) has been widely used for the treatment of LUTD in children 8–24. Sacral transcutaneous ENS (TENS) in children was first described by Hoebeke et al8 and Bower et al11 Other sites of application include endoanal, ano‐genital, posterior tibial nerve (PTN), and sacral implants. Even though the mechanism of action is still obscure, most studies have demonstrated good results with this intervention.…”

Overactive bladder and caffeine: comparing women with and without mental health diagnoses

“…The diary form used was designed for the parent study and is appended (Appendix A). The parent intervention study requires data on both intake and bladder and bowel output, as well as symptom change measured by OAB questionnaires (Bower et al , 2001; Coyne et al , 2002; de Wachter, 2003). Although women from the parent study completed three 3‐day diaries, only the intake data from the baseline diary were utilized for analysis in this report.…”