A pilot study on the use of geometrically accurate face models to replicate ex vivo N95 mask fit

Effect of Facial Material Softness and Applied Force on Face Mask Dead Volume, Face Mask Seal, and Inhaled Corticosteroid Delivery Through an Idealized Infant Replica

“…(33)(34)(35)(36)(37)(38)(39)(40) In a study using the same silicone and polyurethane facial materials as used here, Golshahi et al (41) showed that, for N95 masks, in vitro face mask fit was not representative of ex vivo face mask fit, and speculated that for N95 masks the actual strains on the test subjects' faces were not simulated by these materials. Similar studies to that performed by Golshahi et al (41) comparing in vitro and ex vivo face mask fit for pharmaceutical aerosol masks may be of interest if further advancement of soft face models is desired.…”

Challenges and Controversies in COVID-19: Masking the General Population may Attenuate This Pandemic's Outbreak

“…It has been shown that it is possible to improve the protection against a certain class of infectious agents (e.g., chemical treatments) or generally (for example, improving the fitting of the masks against the face of the wearer). 3D printing is beginning to be used to compensate for the shortage of personal protective equipment including masks (78), and could be used with existing knowledge about mask fitting [e.g., (79,80)] to fit masks to individual anatomy. Furthermore, in situations when there is solid evidence for the Viruses have unique biophysical properties including elasticity/deformability, brittleness/hardness, material fatigue, and resistance to osmotic stress (81) that might be targets for antiviral interventions, perhaps also to produce better masks.…”

Cellulose-based virus-retentive filters: a review

“…Mask seal leakage can be minimized by applying existing guidelines for correct donning and fit checking of respirators . Moreover, human face and head form models have been proposed as a tool for designing respirators with improved protection efficiency, simulating interactions between faces and facemasks and describing their fit (Golshahi et al 2013;Lei et al 2012). The accumulation of viral particles at the surface and within the filtration media of respirators, where they can remain viable and infectious for extended periods of time (Coulliette et al 2013;Sakaguchi et al 2010), is another significant problem with which respirator wearers are confronted in the prevention of viral transmission and spread.…”