A Pilot Study to Control Phlebotomine Sand Flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) in a Neotropical Rain Forest12

Chaniotis, Byron N.; Parsons, Ray E.; Harlan, Harold J.; Correa, Manuel A.

doi:10.1093/jmedent/19.1.1

Cited by 20 publications

(22 citation statements)

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“…Recently, some researchers have suggested a rising trend in the number of ACL cases in Panama, and attributed this to a lack of medical treatment, increased human migration into Leishmaniasis endemic areas, and/or to ecological changes triggering vector adaptation to human settlements in environmentally altered forest ecosystems [14,17-24]. Prior work in Panama though had also described a tendency toward increasing incidence of ACL, perhaps due to reasons different than those recently anticipated [4-9,11,12]. The scenario proposed earlier begins with a rapid increase in the number of clinical cases when susceptible human populations invade pristine tropical forest and modify the surroundings for settlements, thus increasing contact with the vectors and reservoirs of Leishmania parasites [Figure 1].…”

Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, subsequent landscape alteration triggers demographic changes in wild animals, occasionally resulting in major reservoirs of Leishmania migrating out of the territory, and as a result, ACL cases drop off considerably. Finally, the disease disappears when sand fly vectors perish due to the lack of appropriate breeding conditions in the increasingly urban landscape [4-9,11,12]. This view is well-accepted as Panama has always been under similar environmental pressures (e.g., deforestation), and therefore, the recently-reported ACL increase is most likely an artifact of enhanced surveillance due to improved diagnostic tools and better access to health care [18,22,27] [Figure 3].…”

Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…( Viannia ) colombiensis and Le. ( Leishmania ) amozanensis , with the former being by far the most predominant disease agent [2,6,10-12,18,29-33]. Furthermore, three other species Le.…”

Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…carrerai thula are very abundant and highly aggressive anthropophilic species. They feed opportunistically, primarily in the understory, but can do so in the forest canopy as well [12,41,42]. In contrast, Lutzomyia olmeca bicolor , the likely vector of Le.…”

Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

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American Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Panama: a historical review of entomological studies on anthropophilic Lutzomyia sand fly species

Dutari

Loaiza

2014

Parasit Vectors

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We review existing information on the epidemiology of American Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (ACL) in Panama, with emphasis on the bionomics of anthropophilic Lutzomyia sand fly species. Evidence from Panamanian studies suggests that there are six anthropophilic species in the country: Lutzomyia trapidoi, Lu. panamensis, Lu. gomezi, Lu. ylephiletor, Lu. sanguinaria and Lu. pessoana (Henceforth Lu. carrerai thula). In general, these taxa are abundant, widespread and feed opportunistically on their hosts, which make them potential transmitters of pathogens to a broad range of wildlife, domesticated animals and humans. Furthermore, nearly all man-biting species in Panama (with the exception of Lu. gomezi) expand demographically during the rainy season when transmission is likely higher due to elevated Leishmania infection rates in vector populations. Despite this, data on the distribution and prevalence of ACL suggest little influence of vector density on transmission intensity. Apart from Lu. trapidoi, anthropophilic species seem to be most active in the understory, but vertical stratification, as well as their opportunistic feeding behavior, could vary geographically. This in turn seems related to variation in host species composition and relative abundance across sites that have experienced different degrees of human alteration (e.g., deforestation) in leishmaniasis endemic regions of Panama.

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Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…( Viannia ) colombiensis and Le. ( Leishmania ) amozanensis , with the former being by far the most predominant disease agent [2,6,10-12,18,29-33]. Furthermore, three other species Le.…”

Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

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American Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Panama: a historical review of entomological studies on anthropophilic Lutzomyia sand fly species

Dutari

Loaiza

2014

Parasit Vectors

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“…Guatemala ve Brezilya'da cyfluthrin kullanılarak 100 metre genişliğinde yapı-lan bariyer uygulamasının ışık tuzaklarında yakalanan kum sineği sayılarını 80 günden fazla sürede azalttığı belirlenmiştir (66). Sıcak sisleme (TF) çalışmalarına bakıldığında ise yaklaşık 35 yıl önce Panama'da ormanlık alanda sıcak sisleme şeklinde malathion uygulanması kontrol alanlarıyla kıyaslandığında kum sineklerinin yoğunluğunda yüksek oranda azalmaya neden olmuştur (70). Yine Panama'da Nisan 2010-Haziran 2011 arasında 15 ay boyunca yapılan bir çalışmada, evlerin iç ve dış duvarlarındaki çatlak ve oyuklar ile evlerin etrafında 15 metre mesafede deltamethrin aktifi el tipi sisleme cihazı ile uygulanmış, uygulamalardan sonra kontrol alanları ile kıyaslandığında evlerin iç mekânlarında yaklaşık %40, evlerin etrafında yaklaşık %50 oranında kum sineklerinin popülasyon yoğunluğunun ve aynı zamanda tür çeşitliliğinin de azaldığı görülmüştür (71).…”

Section: Ergin öLdürücülerunclassified

Sand Flies and Their Control Methods

Çetin

Özbel²

2017

TurkiyeParazitolDerg

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ÖZHastalık etkenlerini taşıyabilen artropod vektörlerle mücadelenin genel amacı hastalık bulaşım döngüsünü kırmaktır. Bu nedenle hastalığın kontrolü, döngüde yer alan bütün unsurlarla (insan, artropod vektör, rezervuar) ilgili olarak alınabilecek önlemleri kapsamaktadır. Başta tropikal ve subtropikal alanlarda olmak üzere dünyanın birçok bölgesinde leishmaniasis ve tatarcık humması gibi hastalıkların vektörlüğünü yapan ve hastalık döngüsünün artropod ayağını oluşturan kum sinekleri (Diptera: Psychodidae: Phlebotominae) ile mücadelede dikkat edilmesi gereken önemli noktalar bulunmaktadır. Kum sineklerinin larva mücadelesi oldukça zor ve neredeyse imkânsız olduğu için, ağırlıklı olarak erginlere yönelik müca-dele yapılmaktadır. Gerek leishmaniasis gerekse ilgili viral hastalıkların azaltılmasındaki en etkili strateji de özellikle insanların bulunduğu alanlarda kum sineklerinin kontrolü olduğundan bu derlemede, kum sineklerinin morfolojisi, biyolojisi, taksonomisi, yanı sıra özellikle entegre mücadele ve kontrol yöntemleri üzerinde durulmuştur. Metin içinde insektisit emdirilmiş cibinlik ve perde kullanımı, zooflaksi, iç ve dış rezidüel uygulamalar, larvasitler, repellentler ve evcil hayvan tasmaları gibi önlemler yanı sıra kum sineklerinde direnç gibi birçok konu ile ilgili bilgi verilmiştir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Entegre zararlı yönetimi, kum sinekleri, kontrol yöntemleri Geliş Tarihi: 10.03.2017Kabul Tarihi: 30.03.2017 ABSTRACTThe main aim of managing arthropod vectors that carry the disease agents is interrupting the infection cycle. Therefore, the management of the disease implies that all precautions related to all elements (i.e., human, arthropod vector, and reservoir) in the infection cycle need to be taken. There are important points that need to be considered while dealing with sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae: Phlebotominae), which in many regions worldwide, particularly in tropical and subtropical areas, are vectors of diseases such as leishmaniasis and sand fly fever and are the arthropods of the infection cycle. Because the larval control of the sand flies is very difficult and almost impossible, the management is mainly conducted for the adults. The most effective strategy for reducing both sand fly fever and leishmaniasis is managing sand flies, particularly in areas where humans are located. In this review, the morphology, biology, and taxonomy of sand flies; the integrated fighting and management methods such as insecticide-impregnated bed nets and use of curtains, zooprophylaxis, indoor and outdoor residual applications, larvicides, repellents, and insecticide-impregnated dog collars; and data regarding many issues such as insecticide resistance in sand flies have been emphasized on in the review.

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Phlebotomine Sand Flies (Diptera, Psychodidae, Phlebotominae)

Marcondes¹

2022

Encyclopedia of Infection and Immunity

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A Pilot Study to Control Phlebotomine Sand Flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) in a Neotropical Rain Forest12

Cited by 20 publications

References 0 publications

American Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Panama: a historical review of entomological studies on anthropophilic Lutzomyia sand fly species

American Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Panama: a historical review of entomological studies on anthropophilic Lutzomyia sand fly species

Sand Flies and Their Control Methods

Phlebotomine Sand Flies (Diptera, Psychodidae, Phlebotominae)

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