A Pilot Trial of Universal School‐Based Mental Health Screening in El Salvador: Traumatic Stress in an Underresourced School Environment

Stewart, Regan W.; Villalobos, Bianca T.; Dueweke, Aubrey R.; Rodríguez, Juventino Hernández; Nicasio, Andel V.; Alto, Michelle E.; Orengo-Aguayo, Rosaura

doi:10.1002/jts.22716

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 28 publications

(43 reference statements)

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“…Moreover, educators may experience vicarious stress by way of their students, and trauma-informed principles may be appropriate in terms of training in disaster preparedness (e.g., Psychological First Aid). 70 Characterizing the experience of educators during collective stressors will be important in future research given their critical role in impacting communities and the known mental health risks associated with this profession.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Just as Essential: The Mental Health of Educators During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Carlson,

Stegall,

Sirotiak

et al. 2024

Disaster med. public health prep.

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Objective: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic deleteriously impacted physical and mental health. In the summer of 2020, return-to-learn plans were enacted, including virtual, hybrid, and in-person plans, impacting educators and students. We examined (1) how return-to-learn plan was related to depressive and social anxiety symptoms among educators and (2) how psychological flexibility related to symptoms. Methods: Educators (N = 853) completed a survey via Qualtrics that assessed internalizing symptoms, psychological flexibility, and occupational characteristics. Two one-way analyses of variance (ANOVAs) examined between-group differences in return-to-learn plans across depression and social anxiety. Two hierarchical linear regressions examined the relation between psychological flexibility components and depressive and social anxiety symptoms. Results: Median T-scores were well above the national normative means for General Depression (median T-score: 81) and Social Anxiety (median T-score: 67). There were no significant differences between reopening plans in general depression nor social anxiety T-scores. Psychological flexibility accounted for 33% of the variance in depressive symptoms and 24% of the variance in social anxiety symptoms. Conclusions: Results indicated high levels of psychiatric symptoms among educators during COVID-19, and psychological flexibility was associated with lower symptoms. Addressing educator mental health is of utmost importance in future research.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Just as Essential: The Mental Health of Educators During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Carlson,

Stegall,

Sirotiak

et al. 2024

Disaster med. public health prep.

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Introduction to the Special Issue: Disproportionate trauma, stress, and adversities as a pathway to health disparities among disenfranchised groups globally

Allwood

Ford

Levendosky

2021

Journal of Traumatic Stress

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Globally, individuals and communities that are marginalized based on their identities are at heightened risk for exposure to traumatic stress and socioeconomic hardship. Marginalization and disproportionate risk for many types of adversities correspond with disparities in physical health, mental health, and overall well‐being. Together, the 12 empirical studies, one systematic review, and commentary in this special issue of the Journal of Traumatic Stress highlight the impact of discrimination and disproportionate adversity among groups marginalized based on race, ethnicity, nativity, caste, gender identity, sexual orientation, economic status, and medical status. Although most studies in this issue focus on the United States, the articles that focus on disparities and risk factors in India, El Salvador, Uganda, and Burundi provides a multicontinent global perspective. The global perspective, including the impact of the global pandemic, invites further examination of how disproportionate exposure to traumatic stress and adversity are associated with inequitable burden and health disparities worldwide. This special issue further highlights the developmental and multigenerational burden of systemic marginalization by including studies of children, young adults, adults, and parent–child dyads. Pathways for change and intervention are illustrated through a liberatory consciousness perspective, with one study utilizing liberatory media skills (e.g., positive media images and messages) to mitigate the adverse effects of trauma exposure on at‐risk young adults of color. Worldwide, research on the effects of trauma, stress, and adversities must examine contextual factors (e.g., economic hardship), marginalization (e.g., discrimination, identity factors), and the differential impact on health among individuals and communities.

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Commentary on the special issue on disproportionate exposure to trauma: Trauma, stress, and adversities and health disparities among disenfranchised groups globally during the COVID pandemic

Seedat

2021

Journal of Traumatic Stress

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The papers in this Journal of Traumatic Stress special issue on disproportionate adversity cover the gamut of discrimination traumas and stressors, including microaggressions, a more insidious forms of discrimination, and their often‐devastating and wide‐ranging mental health sequelae, in disproportionately affected disenfranchised groups. Discrimination based on race, ethnicity, gender, and sexual orientation commonly confers cumulative and chronic effects. In the field of traumatic stress studies, several types of identity‐linked traumatic events have been identified and empirically investigated as posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)–producing experiences. Collectively, the 13 papers included in this special issue raise questions about the definition, conceptualization, and categorization of various forms of explicit and implicit identity‐linked trauma. These papers highlight the need for acceptance of a shared nomenclature and better differentiation of both causal and correlational associations with acute and chronic PTSD, depression, suicide risk, alcohol misuse, and other mental health outcomes. In this commentary, the discussion is extended to COVID‐19, a disease that has been globally devastating for many. On multiple levels (i.e., physical, mental, emotional, economic, and social), COVID‐19 has magnified the prepandemic fault lines of race, ethnicity, gender, gender identity, and sexual orientation. Applying a syndemic framework to the health impact of COVID‐19 and, arguably, the most pervasive identity linked epidemic worldwide—systemic racism—brings perspective to the biological and social forces that are likely to be driving the convergence of COVID‐19, systemic racism, and chronic health inequities, and may be informative in guiding evidence‐based strategies for managing racial trauma in the context of COVID‐19.

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A Pilot Trial of Universal School‐Based Mental Health Screening in El Salvador: Traumatic Stress in an Underresourced School Environment

Cited by 4 publications

References 28 publications

Just as Essential: The Mental Health of Educators During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Just as Essential: The Mental Health of Educators During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Introduction to the Special Issue: Disproportionate trauma, stress, and adversities as a pathway to health disparities among disenfranchised groups globally

Commentary on the special issue on disproportionate exposure to trauma: Trauma, stress, and adversities and health disparities among disenfranchised groups globally during the COVID pandemic

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