A pivotal year for Bolivian conservation policy

Romero‐Muñoz, Alfredo; Fernández‐Llamazares, Álvaro; R., Mónica Moraes; Larrea-Alcázar, Daniel M.; Wordley, Claire F. R.

doi:10.1038/s41559-019-0893-3

Cited by 22 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…A clear example of this is the narco‐trafficking in some countries of Central America, where narco‐funded livestock production causes deforestation outside and within PAs and impact negatively on conservation governance (Devine et al., 2020; Wrathall et al., 2020). Indigenous territories and PAs in Bolivia are under pressure because of policies that allow activities like hydrocarbon exploration, mining, dams, road and agricultural, several of them within PAs (Romero‐Muñoz et al., 2019). The current Brazilian government have anti‐conservationist policies like a bill to reduce the protection status of indigenous lands to mining activities (Villén‐Pérez et al., 2020).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On opportunities and threats to conserve the phylogenetic diversity of Neotropical palms

Velazco

Svenning

Ribeiro

et al. 2020

Diversity and Distributions

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Aim Palms are an ecologically and societally important plant group, with high diversity in the Neotropics. Here, we estimated the impacts of future climate change on phylogenetic diversity (PD) of Neotropical palms under varying climatic and dispersal scenarios, assessed the effectiveness of the established network of protected areas (PAs) for conserving palms PD today and in 2070, and identified priority areas for the conservation of palm species and their evolutionary history in the face of climate change. Location Neotropics. Methods We used ecological niche modelling to estimate the distribution of 367 species in the present and for 2070 based on two greenhouse gas emission and two dispersal scenarios. We calculated Faith's PD within each five arc‐minute grid cell to evaluate the effectiveness of PAs relative to null models and used phylogenetic spatial prioritisation analysis to detect priority areas. Results We found that even under the most optimistic climatic and dispersal scenarios, the established network of PAs performed poorly in safeguarding palms PD under both current conditions and those projected for 2070. Significant losses in PD inside PAs are expected under future climate conditions, especially if species are unable to disperse to suitable areas. Nevertheless, a modest and strategic increase in the number of PAs could considerably improve the protection of palms PD in the present and 2070. Main conclusions The PD of Neotropical palms is poorly represented within the established network of PAs, at both present and in 2070. A higher realised dispersal rates would diminish PD losses inside the network of PAs. The conservation of palm PD can be improved through the expansion of PAs in strategic regions such as the upper portion of the Amazon Basin, Tropical Andes and Mesoamerica.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On opportunities and threats to conserve the phylogenetic diversity of Neotropical palms

Velazco

Svenning

Ribeiro

et al. 2020

Diversity and Distributions

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“…In support of this, Porfirio et al (2014) found that fishers along the Pantanal perceived jaguar differently than ranchers in the same region. Nearly half (43.3%) of the Bolivian Amazon is within an indigenous territory or a protected area, both of which legally limit deforestation (Tejada et al, 2016;Romero-Muñoz et al, 2019b). This study focuses on communities living in three areas in and around the northwestern region of the Bolivian Amazon, comprised of socioecological systems in which communities rely on forest resources for their livelihoods, and classified as protected territories.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Jaguar Persecution Without “Cowflict”: Insights From Protected Territories in the Bolivian Amazon

et al. 2019

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Persecution by humans is one of the most pressing threats to jaguars (Panthera onca) throughout the Americas, yet few studies have examined the killing of jaguars outside cattle-ranching communities. Although over one-third of the jaguar's range is formally protected, relatively little is known about human-jaguar relationships within protected areas and indigenous territories. Protected land within the Bolivian Amazon, considered a stronghold for the jaguar, contains communities who differ economically, legally, and socially from previously-studied human populations living with jaguars. Using in-person structured interviews, we investigated attitudes and norms related to jaguars and jaguar killing, self-reported past killing of jaguars, and demographic variables in two protected areas and an indigenous territory: Integrated Management Area (IMA) of Santa Rosa del Abuná (Santa Rosa, n = 224), Indigenous Territory Tacana II (n = 137), and Manuripi National Amazon Wildlife Reserve (MNAWR, n = 169). Overall, people disliked (48.9%) or felt neutral (26.8%) toward jaguars. A relatively large number of people reported either being attacked or knowing someone who had been attacked by a jaguar: 15.45% in Santa Rosa, 14.20% in MNAWR, and 30.88% in Tacana II. Many respondents stated to have killed a jaguar, although the proportion differed among study areas: 20.39% of Santa Rosa, 55.47% of Tacana II, and 32.72% of MNAWR. People perceived jaguar persecution as relatively common: 44.9% of Santa Rosa, 90.8% of Tacana II, and 65.8% of MNAWR said their neighbors kill jaguars (i.e., descriptive norm). Also, 75.4% of Santa Rosa, 89.1% of Tacana II, and 69.1% of MNAWR said that some of their family members and neighbors thought jaguar killing was good (i.e., subjective norm). Descriptive and subjective norms positively influenced both attitudes toward killing and past killing of jaguars. This perception of jaguar killing being common and socially-accepted, combined with high rates of past killing and a growing illegal trade of jaguar parts, may create an atmosphere conducive to widespread jaguar persecution in the Bolivian Amazon. We recommend management strategies that focus on preventing jaguar depredation of small domestic animals, lessening the perception of carnivore encounters as dangerous to decrease safety-related fears, and making large carnivore killing socially unacceptable (e.g., through social marketing).

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“…In Bolivia, the legal 50-m-natural vegetation strip that has to be left standing and be protected around rivers and water bodies was in no case respected, and cultivation was happening until the shore. The soybean system was identified as one of the factors that contribute most to deforestation [56], displace indigenous communities [52], and negatively affect biodiversity [57].…”

Section: Percentage Of Arable Land Under Vegetationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Can monocultures be resilient? Assessment of buffer capacity in two agroindustrial cropping systems in Africa and South America

Mukhovi

Jacobi

2022

Agric & Food Secur

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Background Buffer capacity—the capacity of a social–ecological system to cushion stress and shocks—is often seen as an important dimension of social–ecological system resilience. While numerous studies have focused on other dimensions of resilience in social–ecological systems, literature on buffer capacity is scanty. Methods Two agroindustrial cropping systems were surveyed based on wheat in Kenya, and soybean in Bolivia. The study was carried out in 2017–2018 using mixed methods; interviews, questionnaires, and observation. Two groups of indicators were used (livelihood capitals and functional and response diversity indicators). The five livelihood capitals, and functional and response diversity indicators (number of crops rotated, landscape heterogeneity, and percentage of arable land under natural vegetation) were used. Resilience indicators were assessed using a five-point Likert scale. Results Both systems had high scores on physical, financial and human capitals, while the functional and response diversity scores were low. Both systems are found to be vulnerable to economic and climate change related shocks hence need to develop more diversified patterns to increase ecological resilience. Conclusion The two cropping systems overall capacity to withstand shocks—particularly related mainly to climate change and variability and economic shocks was extremely low for soybean system and low for wheat. The two systems were found to have low scores of functional and response diversity especially with regard to landscape heterogeneity, crop and breed diversity and percentage of vegetation cover on arable land.

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A pivotal year for Bolivian conservation policy

Cited by 22 publications

References 14 publications

On opportunities and threats to conserve the phylogenetic diversity of Neotropical palms

On opportunities and threats to conserve the phylogenetic diversity of Neotropical palms

Jaguar Persecution Without “Cowflict”: Insights From Protected Territories in the Bolivian Amazon

Can monocultures be resilient? Assessment of buffer capacity in two agroindustrial cropping systems in Africa and South America

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