A PLA/calcium phosphate degradable composite material for bone tissue engineering: an in vitro study

Abstract

Biodegradable polymers reinforced with an inorganic phase such as calcium phosphate glasses may be a promising approach to fulfil the challenging requirements presented by 3D porous scaffolds for tissue engineering. Scaffolds' success depends mainly on their biological behaviour. This work is aimed to the in vitro study of polylactic acid (PLA)/CaP glass 3D porous constructs for bone regeneration. The scaffolds were elaborated using two different techniques, namely solvent-casting and phase-separation. The effect of scaffolds' micro and macrostructure on the biological response of these scaffolds was assayed. Cell proliferation, differentiation and morphology within the scaffolds were studied. Furthermore, polymer/glass scaffolds were seeded under dynamic conditions in a custom-made perfusion bioreactor. Results indicate that the final architecture of the solvent-cast or phase separated scaffolds have a significant effect on cells' behaviour. Solvent-cast scaffolds seem to be the best candidates for bone tissue engineering. Besides, dynamic seeding yielded a higher seeding efficiency in comparison with the static method.

3D printed PLA-based scaffolds

“…Scaffolds architecture not only affects their mechanical performance but also affects their permeability, nutrients diffusion and cell response. 10 Indeed, it has been reported that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) differentiation and proliferation of pre-osteoblastic cells is highly affected by the geometry of individual pores within the scaffold. 11,12 Also, it has been published that the separation between struts as well as the morphology of pores and the angle formed between struts affect macrophages reponse.…”

“…5 It is known that both surface micro and nanoporosity play important roles in protein adhesion and therefore and spreading of cells on G5 glass particles than in the polymer matrix. 10,21 This soluble glass degrades along time while releasing different ions to the surrounding media. 19 It has been demonstrated that the presence of G5 glass particles not only increases cell attachment and spreading but also triggers angiogenesis and bone formation owing the Ca 2+ release and stiffness of the glass.…”

Three-dimensional cultures of osteogenic and chondrogenic cells: A tissue engineering approach to mimic bone and cartilage in vitro

“…Many in vitro studies have demonstrated that composite scaffolds support attachment, proliferation and differentiation of MSCs (Causa et al, 2006;Charles-Harris et al, 2008;Chen et al, 2008;Verrier et al, 2004;Yao et al, 2005). Poly(DL-lactic acid), (PDL-LA)/Bioglass © , PLA/calcium metaphosphate and PLGA/ bioactive glass composites scaffolds have been developed and in vitro tested.…”

Computational modelling of local calcium ions release from calcium phosphate-based scaffolds

“…The release of calcium (Ca 2+ ) and phosphate (P i ) ions by dissolution is believed to affect the bone cell chemotaxis, proliferation and differentiation. It has been reported in various in vitro studies that calcium ion concentrations between 2 and 8 mM have a profound impact on bone cell fate but optimum in vivo calcium concentrations are still unknown (Bianchi et al 2014;Bléry et al 2014;Carlier et al 2011;Chai 2012a, b, c;Charles-Harris et al 2008;Danoux 2015;Hong et al 2014;Karadzic et al 2015;Lobo et al 2015;Mazón et al 2015;Roberts et al 2011;Shih et al 2014). Once the CaP materials are implanted in vivo, they should induce bone formation but should eventually completely degrade and be absorbed by the body.…”