A planarian <i>orthopedia</i> homolog is specifically expressed in the branch region of both the mature and regenerating brain

Umesono, Yoshihiko; Watanabe, Kenji; Agata, Kiyokazu

doi:10.1046/j.1440-169x.1997.t01-5-00008.x

Cited by 208 publications

(201 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…37. Samples were loaded into a BioLane HTI automated in situ hybridization instrument (Hölle & Hüttner, Tübingen, Germany) and processed as described in ref.…”

Section: Whole-mount In Situ Hybridization To Sexual Planariansmentioning

confidence: 99%

The planarian Schmidtea mediterranea as a model for epigenetic germ cell specification: Analysis of ESTs from the hermaphroditic strain

Zayas

Hernández

Habermann

et al. 2005

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

144

177

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Freshwater planarians have prodigious regenerative abilities that enable them to form complete organisms from tiny body fragments. This plasticity is also exhibited by the planarian germ cell lineage. Unlike many model organisms in which germ cells are specified by localized determinants, planarian germ cells appear to be specified epigenetically, arising postembryonically from stem cells. The planarian Schmidtea mediterranea is well suited for investigating the mechanisms underlying epigenetic germ cell specification. Two strains of S. mediterranea exist: a hermaphroditic strain that reproduces sexually and an asexual strain that reproduces by means of transverse fission. To date, expressed sequence tags (ESTs) have been generated only from the asexual strain. To develop molecular reagents for studying epigenetic germ cell specification, we have sequenced 27,161 ESTs from two developmental stages of the hermaphroditic strain of S. mediterranea ; this collection of ESTs represents ≈10,000 unique transcripts. blast analysis of the assembled ESTs showed that 66% share similarity to sequences in public databases. We annotated the assembled ESTs using Gene Ontology terms as well as conserved protein domains and organized them in a relational database. To validate experimentally the Gene Ontology annotations, we used whole-mount in situ hybridization to examine the expression patterns of transcripts assigned to the biological process “reproduction.” Of the 53 genes in this category, 87% were expressed in the reproductive organs. In addition to its utility for studying germ cell development, this EST collection will be an important resource for annotating the planarian genome and studying this animal's amazing regenerative abilities.

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“…37. Samples were loaded into a BioLane HTI automated in situ hybridization instrument (Hölle & Hüttner, Tübingen, Germany) and processed as described in ref.…”

Section: Whole-mount In Situ Hybridization To Sexual Planariansmentioning

confidence: 99%

The planarian Schmidtea mediterranea as a model for epigenetic germ cell specification: Analysis of ESTs from the hermaphroditic strain

Zayas

Hernández

Habermann

et al. 2005

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

144

177

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“…The sixth to ninth branches cluster more closely and form auricles on the surface, which may function as the sensory organ of taste. We also found that these structurally distinct diverse domains are defined by the discrete expression of three evolutionarily conserved homeobox genes, DjotxA, DjotxB and Djotp (Umesono et al 1997. Interestingly, expression analysis of these genes via EST projects and DNA microarray hybridization strongly suggests that the expression domains defined by the three homeobox genes may actually correspond to functional domains (figure 2).…”

Section: Structure Of the Planarian Brainmentioning

confidence: 77%

Brain regeneration from pluripotent stem cells in planarian

Agata

Umesono

2008

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

Self Cite

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How can planarians regenerate their brain? Recently we have identified many genes critical for this process. Brain regeneration can be divided into five steps: (1) anterior blastema formation, (2) brain rudiment formation, (3) pattern formation, (4) neural network formation, and (5) functional recovery. Here we will describe the structure and process of regeneration of the planarian brain in the first part, and then introduce genes involved in brain regeneration in the second part. Especially, we will speculate about molecular events during the early steps of brain regeneration in this review. The finding providing the greatest insight thus far is the discovery of the nou-darake (ndk; 'brains everywhere' in Japanese) gene, since brain neurons are formed throughout the entire body as a result of loss of function of the ndk gene. This finding provides a clue for elucidating the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying brain regeneration. Here we describe the molecular action of the nou-darake gene and propose a new model to explain brain regeneration and restriction in the head region of the planarians.

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“…For colorimetric whole-mount in situ hybridization (WISH) analyses, animals were processed using an In situ Pro hybridization robot (Abimed/Intavis), as previously described (Molina et al, 2007;Umesono et al, 1997). For fluorescent whole-mount in situ hybridization (FISH), planarians were fixed and stained as previously described (Pearson et al, 2009).…”

Section: Gene Expression Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Localization of planarian β-CATENIN-1 reveals multiple roles during anterior-posterior regeneration and organogenesis

2016

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The β-catenin-dependent Wnt pathway exerts multiple contextdependent roles in embryonic and adult tissues. In planarians, β-catenin-1 is thought to specify posterior identities through the generation of an anteroposterior gradient. However, the existence of such a gradient has not been directly demonstrated. Here, we use a specific polyclonal antibody to demonstrate that nuclear β-CATENIN-1 exists as an anteroposterior gradient from the pre-pharyngeal region to the tail of the planarian Schmidtea polychroa. High levels in the posterior region steadily decrease towards the pre-pharyngeal region but then increase again in the head region. During regeneration, β-CATENIN-1 is nuclearized in both anterior and posterior blastemas, but the canonical WNT1 ligand only influences posterior nuclearization. Additionally, β-catenin-1 is required for proper anterior morphogenesis, consistent with the high levels of nuclear β-CATENIN-1 observed in this region. We further demonstrate that β-CATENIN-1 is abundant in developing and differentiated organs, and is particularly required for the specification of the germline. Altogether, our findings provide the first direct evidence of an anteroposterior nuclear β-CATENIN-1 gradient in adult planarians and uncover novel, context-dependent roles for β-catenin-1 during anterior regeneration and organogenesis.

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A planarian orthopedia homolog is specifically expressed in the branch region of both the mature and regenerating brain

Cited by 208 publications

References 16 publications

The planarian Schmidtea mediterranea as a model for epigenetic germ cell specification: Analysis of ESTs from the hermaphroditic strain

The planarian Schmidtea mediterranea as a model for epigenetic germ cell specification: Analysis of ESTs from the hermaphroditic strain

Brain regeneration from pluripotent stem cells in planarian

Localization of planarian β-CATENIN-1 reveals multiple roles during anterior-posterior regeneration and organogenesis

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