A plant cyclin B2 is degraded early in mitosis and its ectopic expression shortens G2-phase and alleviates the DNA-damage checkpoint

Weingartner, Magdalena; Pelayo, Helvia R.; Binarová, Pavla; Zwerger, Karin; Melikant, Balázs; Torre, Consuelo de la; Heberle‐Bors, Erwin; Bögre, László

doi:10.1242/jcs.00250

Cited by 76 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…Similarly, in a cell suspension culture of alfalfa (Medicago sativa), PSTAIREholding CDKs have been found to undergo Tyr phosphorylation (Mé szá ros et al, 2000). In mammalian cells, the drug caffeine cancels the DNA replication checkpoint through inhibition of the ATM kinase (Schlegel and Pardee, 1986;Andreassen and Margolis, 1992;Blasina et al, 1999), but in plants, it overrides the replication checkpoint only in the presence of the mitotic cyclin CYCB2 (Weingartner et al, 2003). Therefore, we postulate that among many other partnerships, CDKA;1 in complex with the B2-type cyclin might be the major target for inhibition by the activated checkpoint control pathways.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

ArabidopsisWEE1 Kinase Controls Cell Cycle Arrest in Response to Activation of the DNA Integrity Checkpoint

Schutter¹,

Joubès²,

et al. 2007

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Upon the incidence of DNA stress, the ataxia telangiectasia-mutated (ATM) and Rad3-related (ATR) signaling kinases activate a transient cell cycle arrest that allows cells to repair DNA before proceeding into mitosis. Although the ATM-ATR pathway is highly conserved over species, the mechanisms by which plant cells stop their cell cycle in response to the loss of genome integrity are unclear. We demonstrate that the cell cycle regulatory WEE1 kinase gene of Arabidopsis thaliana is transcriptionally activated upon the cessation of DNA replication or DNA damage in an ATR-or ATM-dependent manner, respectively. In accordance with a role for WEE1 in DNA stress signaling, WEE1-deficient plants showed no obvious cell division or endoreduplication phenotype when grown under nonstress conditions but were hypersensitive to agents that impair DNA replication. Induced WEE1 expression inhibited plant growth by arresting dividing cells in the G2-phase of the cell cycle. We conclude that the plant WEE1 gene is not rate-limiting for cycle progression under normal growth conditions but is a critical target of the ATR-ATM signaling cascades that inhibit the cell cycle upon activation of the DNA integrity checkpoints, coupling mitosis to DNA repair in cells that suffer DNA damage.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

ArabidopsisWEE1 Kinase Controls Cell Cycle Arrest in Response to Activation of the DNA Integrity Checkpoint

Schutter¹,

Joubès²,

et al. 2007

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“…In our simulations, activation of mitotic cyclin transcription by MPF (M phase promoting factor, called MPF* in our model) could establish a long G2 phase in the absence of a CDK-CDC25-WEE1 loop ( Figure 8C). Interestingly, ectopic expression of a tobacco CYCB2 in BY2 cells was found to push cells into mitosis, indicating that transcriptional regulation of mitotic cyclins is indeed sufficient to modulate the length of G2 phases (Weingartner et al, 2003).…”

Section: Control Of Mitotic Entry In Plantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Control of Cell Proliferation, Organ Growth, and DNA Damage Response Operate Independently of Dephosphorylation of the Arabidopsis Cdk1 Homolog CDKA;1

et al. 2009

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Entry into mitosis is universally controlled by cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs). A key regulatory event in metazoans and fission yeast is CDK activation by the removal of inhibitory phosphate groups in the ATP binding pocket catalyzed by Cdc25 phosphatases. In contrast with other multicellular organisms, we show here that in the flowering plant Arabidopsis thaliana, cell cycle control does not depend on sudden changes in the phosphorylation pattern of the PSTAIRE-containing Cdk1 homolog CDKA;1. Consistently, we found that neither mutants in a previously identified CDC25 candidate gene nor plants in which it is overexpressed display cell cycle defects. Inhibitory phosphorylation of CDKs is also the key event in metazoans to arrest cell cycle progression upon DNA damage. However, we show here that the DNA damage checkpoint in Arabidopsis can also operate independently of the phosphorylation of CDKA;1. These observations reveal a surprising degree of divergence in the circuitry of highly conserved core cell cycle regulators in multicellular organisms. Based on biomathematical simulations, we propose a plant-specific model of how progression through the cell cycle could be wired in Arabidopsis.

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“…CDK-A or -B play a pivotal role in the G 1 /S and G 2 ∕M transition points (Harting and Beck, 2006). In plants mitotic progression is timely regulated by the accumulation and degradation of the mitotic cyclins A-and B-type (Weingartner et al, 2003). The inhibition in mitotic division obtained in this work may be explained according the work of Zhang and Turner, 2008 who showed that high concentrations of jasmonic acid reduced cell number by inhibiting cell division as a consequence of a G 2 arrest due to repression of cycB1 and cycB2 gene expression.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Jasmonic and Salicylic Acids on Cell Division and Cell Cycle Progression

2014

Egypt. J. Bot.

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HIS STUDY is concerned with the effect of both salicylic and jasmonic acids on mitotic cell division of Allium cepa (Lilliaceae) root tips and their ability to induce chromosomal aberrations. The study also deals with the use of image cytometry and SDS-PAGE techniques to estimate the changes in the cell cycle progression and seed protein banding pattern, respectively. Root tips of Allium cepa (Lilliaceae) treated for 3, 6 and 24 hr. At the cytological level both hormones caused reduction in mitotic index, particularly in roots treated with higher concentrations. A wide range of chromosomal abnormalities such as stickiness, c-metaphase, bridges, chromosome breaks, micronuclei and polyploidy cells were recorded in roots treated with both hormones. The effect of salicylic and jasmonic acids on DNA content corresponding to the proportion of cell cycle phases were calculated. Cytophotometric analysis showed decrease in the proportion of cells with 2C value (G1 phase) and increase in the fraction of cells in S and G2 phases as they compared with control. The lowest concentration of jasmonic acid in root treated for 24 hr and the lowest concentration of salicylic acid in root treated for 3 or 24 hr contradict this result since they increase the number of cells at G1 phase. The effect of both hormones seems to work on G2/M checkpoint at higher concentrations. At the biochemical level jasmonic acid induces changes in the electrophoretic profiles of seed protein of Vicia faba (Fabaceae). These changes include the absence of some bands and the appearance of few novel bands as well as over expression of the others.Keywords: Allium, Vicia, Mitotic index, Chromosomal aberrations, Growth regulators, Image cytometry, SDS-PAGE.Plants need to produce a huge arsenal of chemical compounds to adapt and respond to environmental challenges. Among these compounds, the phytohormones are in prominent position. Plant hormones represent essential link of many plant processes, control a diverse array of plant responses affecting growth and development, either directly or indirectly. Plants respond to biotic and abiotic external stimuli using hormone signal transduction pathways that cause changes in hormone metabolism and in turn cause changes in their distribution within the plant (Davies, 2004).Recently, new classes of plant hormones gained much attention in agriculture, biomedical and industrial application. From these promising hormones are the salicylic and jasmonic acids (Tiryaki, 2004).Salicylic acid (SA) has been recognized as growth regulator of phenolic nature while jasmonic acid is a naturally occurring lipid-derived compound. Jasmonic and salicylic acids play an important role in agriculture through control of different plant processes; such as root growth inhibition (Staswick et al., 1992), seed germination (Corbineau et al.,1988) and the senescence-promoting effect (Parthier, 1990).During the past twenty years, jasmonates have attracted considerable attention. Jasmonic methyl ester plays a vital role as anticancer agents in th...

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A plant cyclin B2 is degraded early in mitosis and its ectopic expression shortens G2-phase and alleviates the DNA-damage checkpoint

Cited by 76 publications

References 71 publications

ArabidopsisWEE1 Kinase Controls Cell Cycle Arrest in Response to Activation of the DNA Integrity Checkpoint

ArabidopsisWEE1 Kinase Controls Cell Cycle Arrest in Response to Activation of the DNA Integrity Checkpoint

Control of Cell Proliferation, Organ Growth, and DNA Damage Response Operate Independently of Dephosphorylation of the Arabidopsis Cdk1 Homolog CDKA;1

Effects of Jasmonic and Salicylic Acids on Cell Division and Cell Cycle Progression

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