A Plastic–Crystal Electrolyte Interphase for All‐Solid‐State Sodium Batteries

Abstract

The development of all‐solid‐state rechargeable batteries is plagued by a large interfacial resistance between a solid cathode and a solid electrolyte that increases with each charge–discharge cycle. The introduction of a plastic–crystal electrolyte interphase between a solid electrolyte and solid cathode particles reduces the interfacial resistance, increases the cycle life, and allows a high rate performance. Comparison of solid‐state sodium cells with 1) solid electrolyte Na3Zr2(Si2PO4) particles versus 2) plastic–crystal electrolyte in the cathode composites shows that the former suffers from a huge irreversible capacity loss on cycling whereas the latter exhibits a dramatically improved electrochemical performance with retention of capacity for over 100 cycles and cycling at 5 C rate. The application of a plastic–crystal electrolyte interphase between a solid electrolyte and a solid cathode may be extended to other all‐solid‐state battery cells.

In situpolymerization process: an essential design tool for lithium polymer batteries

“…501 SN is a commonly used plastic crystal in the preparation of PEs, which improves the ionic conductivity owing to its high polarity. 502,503 Herein, the GPE (PCPE) (namely, SEN) exhibits high ionic conductivity of 2.32 mS cm -1 (25°C) along with an overall broad oxidative stability value (5 V vs. Li|Li + ). Interestingly, the SEN also showed a T Li + of 0.57 and activation energy of 0.04eV, which are good values for any GPEs.…”

A stable 3 V all-solid-state sodium–ion battery based on a closo-borate electrolyte

“…13 Oxidebased electrolytes are electrochemically more stable, but are hard ceramic materials that are difficult to contact with the electrode materials without high temperature sintering. 14 In both cases, strategies to improve the electrode-electrolyte contact have been implemented such as the use of hybrid ceramic-polymer electrolytes, 15 the insertion of a soft interlayer, 16 or by directly infiltrating the cathode with solutionprocessable sulfide electrolytes. 10,17 In the case of metal closoborates M2BnHn and related metal carborates MCBn-1Hn, their high electrochemical stability and mechanical properties (high density pellets can be prepared by cold pressing the powders) are great advantages to build high performance batteries.…”

Challenges in Developing Electrodes, Electrolytes, and Diagnostics Tools to Understand and Advance Sodium‐Ion Batteries

“…(Figure 39). 404 Specifically, a plastic-crystal phase was obtained after 65 ºC by heat treatment of a mixture of succinonitrile and NaClO 4 with a molar ratio of 20:1.…”