A Plasticene Lexicon

Haram, Linsey E.; Carlton, James T.; Ruiz, Gregory M.; Maximenko, Nikolai

doi:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.110714

Cited by 88 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Monomers are used to make plastic polymers, which are subsequently combined to form synthetic polymers. The majority of monomers, such as vinyl chloride or styrene, are poisonous and carcinogenic, and monomer residues in plastic goods may be dangerous (Lithner et al, 2011;Haram et al, 2020). Four plastics (PVC, PU, PS, and PC) that make up about 30 percent of global production are considered especially di cult because they often contain toxic monomers or additives (Rochman et al, 2013b).…”

Section: Plastics As a Pollutantmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Plastic pollution has been a global environmental problem with the spread and impacts of plastic debris on the aquatic biota, biodiversity and human health in all aquatic environments worldwide (Lares et al, 2018;Li et al, 2018;Beaumont et al, 2019;Blettler and Wantzen, 2019;Du et al, 2020;Haram et al, 2020;Li et al, 2020;Mataji et al, 2020;Scherer et al, 2020;Zhang et al, 2020a). Plastic products have globally used rapidly because of its exceptional features as light-weight, versatile, durable and low-cost production (GESAMP, 2015;Ballent et al, 2016;Ivleva et al, 2017;Hahladakis et al, 2018;Sha q et al, 2019;Capolupo et al, 2020;Parata et al, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Plastic pollution in the aquatic ecosystem: an emerging threat need to be tackled

Reale²,

et al. 2021

Preprint

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The accumulation of plastic substances in the aquatic ecosystem is a threat that should not be underestimated. Smaller plastic pieces, such as microplastics and nanoplastics, are of particular concern since their presence in the food web is persistent. Microplastics enter in the food chain and its very bottom, when aquatic organisms eat or ingest contaminated food materials, and keep being transferred in the next food web such as predators including humans. It is evident that aquatic organisms frequently ingest microplastics across a variety of feeding guilds. Marine organisms may cause shock, inner or outer injuries, ulcerating sores, blocking digestive tracts, fake feelings, degraded feeding capabilities, fatigue, weakness, limited predator prevention, or death due to the ingestion of large plastic material and/or particles. However, effects of microplastic particles on marine organisms and the toxicity mechanisms are largely unknown. There is much more limited evidence of the impacts of microplastics intake on freshwater species, both in the limited number of studies performed and the number of species examined. However, a few recent freshwater investigations imply that the physical impacts are similar to those observed in the sea. As a result, we conducted a brief evaluation of the state of the science in order to identify knowledge gaps and research requirements to examine the impacts of microplastics on aquatic ecosystem. To yet, just a few researches have looked at the biological consequences of plastics on aquatic organisms, and the important transport pathways of plastics from freshwater to marine environments and vice-versa.

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Section: Plastics As a Pollutantmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plastic pollution in the aquatic ecosystem: an emerging threat need to be tackled

Reale²,

et al. 2021

Preprint

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“…Palaeobiologists state that the cumulative amount of plastic produced as of 2015 was already enough to wrap the whole world in plastic film (Zalasiewicz et al, 2015). As the whole discussion on the 'Plasticene' (Haram et al, 2020) unravels, the current recycling policies and regulations do not start to be held legally accountable before the international community, turning oceanic waste dumping too costly.…”

Section: Daleko: Entangling Design and Science Fictionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this article, we explore the intersections and disjunctions between speculative design and science fiction throughout the analysis of a specific design project developed for the Terraforming program at Strelka Institute for Media, Architecture and Design: Daleko (2020). This project repurposes the concept of waste apropos demanding alternative ways for its management in a viable future.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Re-Entangling Design and Science Fiction: The Case of Daleko

Luersen¹

2021

IJFMA

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The present article discusses how speculative design relates to technoscientific extrapolation, an important science fiction feature, to plan for potential scenarios and prototype viable models of futurity. Through it, the paper outlines some important nuances between different approaches concerning speculative design’s role, considering their particular epistemological assumptions. A specific case is presented and discussed: Daleko (2020), a project developed for the Strelka Institute’s Terraforming program. This project consists of nine science fiction pieces that entangle issues of waste management, technical infrastructure, and climate politics, discussing the problematic conception of waste as a form of externality and imagining future scenarios for managing it through a more holistic perspective. By analysing Daleko’s approach to speculative design, in its final section the article suggests further developing speculative projects in contexts of design education. This would serve towards stimulating designers to ponder how their craft relates to anthropogenic impact and how it can play a decisive role in prospecting more viable future scenarios.

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“…The idea of a "Plasticene" era has been receiving growing support in recent years as research confirms the long-term persistence of plastic pollution and contaminants in the marine environment and suggests that discarded plastics can be traceable through future fossil records (Corcoran et al, 2014). Researchers are still finding new forms of plastic pollution and contamination worldwide (Gestoso et al, 2019;Haram et al, 2020), but one thing is clear: tackling plastic pollution in the marine environment requires concerted strategies and strong actions from policy makers and stakeholders on a global scale. Indeed, several efforts are already in place at the international, regional, and national levels, with several instruments [e.g., United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), Regional Sea Programme, and the European Union Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD)] being developed in recent decades to reduce and manage marine litter (Chen, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%