A play-informed, caregiver-implemented, home-based intervention for HIV-positive children and their families living in low-income conditions in South Africa

Meissner, Robyn Jess; Ferguson, Jessica; Otto, Caraleigh; Gretschel, Pam; Ramugondo, Elelwani

doi:10.1080/14473828.2017.1375068

Cited by 7 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The feasibility of the PICIHBI was guided by occupational therapists experienced in working with children who are HIV positive from low socioeconomic areas within South Africa's Western Cape. Manuals were created for each age group, including detailed outlines and activities for all sessions [7].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For children infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the negative impact of HIV on children's developmental milestones and areas of development needed to play (i.e., social and emotional development, behaviour, and motor and cognitive skills) are well documented [7, 8]. However, there is limited research on the play skills and aspects of playfulness which are most impacted for this population, as well as contextual factors that may contribute to lower levels of playfulness.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Feasibility RCT Evaluating a Play-Informed, Caregiver-Implemented, Home-Based Intervention to Improve the Play of Children Who Are HIV Positive

Ramugondo

Ferreira

Chung

et al. 2018

Occupational Therapy International

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Background/aim In South Africa, contextual factors have been identified as barriers to outdoor, unstructured play. The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and resulting progressive HIV encephalopathy (PHE) is a pandemic in this area, associated with development delays that are not addressed by highly active antiretroviral treatment (HAART). This study aimed to describe the playfulness in children with HIV and PHE on HAART living in challenging socioeconomic areas in South Africa aged 6 months to 8 years and to evaluate the feasibility and preliminary effectiveness of a play-informed, caregiver-implemented, home-based intervention (PICIHBI) for improving play. Methods A feasibility randomized control trial allowed for comparison of PICIHBI and conventional one-on-one occupational therapy interventions. Children were filmed playing pre-, mid-, and postintervention, using the Test of Playfulness (ToP) to assess playfulness. The PICIHBI comprised of 10 monthly sessions facilitated by an occupational therapist, involving group discussions with caregivers and periods of experiential play. Results Twenty-four children with HIV and/or PHE were randomized into one of the two intervention groups. Overall, the group (n = 24) had a median score of 0 (lowest item score) on nine of 24 ToP items and only had a median score of 3 (highest score) on two items. Pre- to postintervention overall ToP scores improved marginally for the PICIHBI group (n = 12) and the conventional group (n = 12). Between-group differences were not significant. The PICIHBI group demonstrated a significant increase in one ToP item score at midassessment. No significant ToP item changes were found in the conventional group. Conclusion Children with HIV were found to have the most difficulty on ToP items relating to the play elements of internal control and freedom from constraints of reality. The PICIHBI did not significantly improve children's play and was not more effective than the conventional intervention. Considerations for feasibility and effectiveness, including barriers to attendance, are discussed.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Feasibility RCT Evaluating a Play-Informed, Caregiver-Implemented, Home-Based Intervention to Improve the Play of Children Who Are HIV Positive

Ramugondo

Ferreira

Chung

et al. 2018

Occupational Therapy International

Self Cite

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“…Many authors describe education as an important aspect of empowering people; for example, providing caregiver education to increase understanding and acceptance of children with disabilities in South Africa 21,41 , Kenya 42 , and Tanzania 30 . Additionally, several authors highlight community education as crucial for reducing stigma, for example, of women escaping abduction in war-torn Uganda 28 or of people with mental health conditions in Zimbabwe 26 .…”

Section: Occupational Therapists' Activities: Empowering People To Engage In Meaningful Occupationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As mentioned previously, poverty is prevalent in many African contexts and often guides the priorities and focus of occupational therapy interventions. For example, poverty and malnutrition for families of children with disabilities in Tanzania 30 , Kenya 44 , and South Africa 29,41 , and adolescents in Zimbabwe 45 require therapists to consider the whole family's needs, not just the individual child. Poverty is often connected with lower education levels affecting how therapists provide information and therapy.…”

Section: What Makes the Role Of Occupational Therapy Unique In Africa: Contextual Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of Occupational Therapy in Africa: A scoping review

Vuuren¹,

Okyere²,

Aldersey³

2021

S. Afr. j. occup. ther.

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Objective: This scoping review explores the role of occupational therapy in African countries including major practice areas, specific activities within practice areas, and potential considerations unique to the African context. Method: Two authors independently reviewed articles from online database searches and manual searches of reference lists and specific Occupational Therapy journals using a combination of keywords related to 'Occupational Therapy', 'Africa', and 'role'. Articles were included based on pre-determined eligibility criteria (i.e., peer-reviewed, English articles that describe occupational therapists' tasks/ activities) and discussion to reach consensus. The authors charted data through content analysis of the articles based on the review's objectives prior to drawing out common themes relevant to the African context. Results: Thirty-two articles were included covering twelve African countries, though predominantly focused on South Africa. Findings demonstrate that, despite having tasks specific to practice areas, the overarching role of occupational therapy is facilitating engagement in meaningful occupation. Additionally, the findings highlight a vital role for African therapists in community-based services and the need to consider the unique cultural context in practice. Conclusion: Congruent with universal occupational therapy principles, Occupational Therapy in Africa aims to facilitate engagement in meaningful occupation, but therapists should consider their unique cultural context to ensure meaningful and sustainable outcomes whilst maintaining a valuable universal identity.

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“…Many children have watched their parents suffer through this debilitating illness, and many have also witnessed their final moments. In addition to the trauma caused by the death of a parent, many of these children also experience subsequent challenges like stigma, poverty, abuse (sexual, emotional, and/or physical), and relational and educational issues (Meissner et al 2017;Thamuku and Daniel 2013;Wakhweya et al 2008;Xiaoming et al 2015).…”

Section: The Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drawing as a Salutogenic Therapy Aid for Grieving Adolescents

Katisi

Jefferies

Sebako³

2021

Arts and Health Promotion

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Drawing can improve sensory motor skills, encourage the use of imagination, help to develop creativity, and above all presents a fun and enjoyable pastime (Vendeville et al. 2018). However, beyond play and skill development, it is an important method of communication and a tool for exploring complex and difficult issues, which may be more challenging with younger individuals (Pifalo 2007;Ugurlu et al. 2016). Drawing can also assist as a therapeutic aid in the identification of pathways to good health and well-being, such as enabling young people to map and reflect on their local supportive resources, in turn enabling a more positive reappraisal of their situation (Campbell et al. 2010;Campbell et al. 2015). The first chapter of this volume (see Chap. 1), describes the potential for the Arts and health promotion in a broad treatment, this chapter focuses specifically on the salutogenic qualities of drawing.

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A play-informed, caregiver-implemented, home-based intervention for HIV-positive children and their families living in low-income conditions in South Africa

Cited by 7 publications

References 13 publications

A Feasibility RCT Evaluating a Play-Informed, Caregiver-Implemented, Home-Based Intervention to Improve the Play of Children Who Are HIV Positive

A Feasibility RCT Evaluating a Play-Informed, Caregiver-Implemented, Home-Based Intervention to Improve the Play of Children Who Are HIV Positive

The role of Occupational Therapy in Africa: A scoping review

Drawing as a Salutogenic Therapy Aid for Grieving Adolescents

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