The Playboy of the Western World is the most controversial play in Irish history. When The Playboy was first produced in January, 1907, it sparked a turbulent week of demonstrations and riots. Even such a devotee of the Dublin theater as Joseph Holloway labeled the play "Blackguardism!" and Synge "the evil genius of the Abbey." Yet Synge's "able lieutenant" and most incisive early commentator, W.B. Yeats, immediately responded to the "mischievous extravagance" and verbal brilliance of the play, and he considered the failure of the audience to understand it the one serious failure of the Irish dramatic movement. During the length of its first production the play spawned a diversity of opinions which in effect break down into two violently opposed camps, represented by Yeats on one side and the opening-night Abbey audience on the other. The Yeatsian, or modernist, reading of Synge emphasized how much of the mind of Ireland the play contained, while praising its imaginative extravagance and exuberance, its satiric force, and, perhaps most crucially, its rich linguistic plenitude. The initial audience, responding to what it understood as the representational mode of The Playboy, dismissed the portrayal of Irish life as false naturalism, and objected to the plot and the language of the play on social and political grounds. The audiences who rioted in New York and Philadelphia in 1911-1912 when the Irish actors took the play on tour were heirs to the representational "reading" of Synge.