A plot twist: the continuing story of VCSELs at AOC

Abstract

During a year of substantial consolidation in the VCSEL industry, Honeywell sold their VCSEL Optical Products Division, which has now officially changed its name to Advanced Optical Components (AOC). Both manufacture and applied research continue, however. Some of the developments of the past year are discussed in this paper. They include advances in the understanding of VCSEL degradation physics, substantial improvements in long-wavelength VCSEL performance, and continuing progress in manufacturing technology. In addition, higher speed serial communications products, at 10 gigabits and particularly at 4 gigabits per second, have shown faster than predicted growth. We place these technologies and AOC's approach to them in a market perspective, along with other emerging applications.

Reliability investigation and failure analysis of 25Gb/s 850 nm oxide-confined VCSELs

“…From the XS-TEM results corresponding to the defects, it can be found that a large number of defects appear at the oxide tip and propagate downward to the DBRs and QW regions. The generation mechanisms of these different failure features are closely related to the shock waveform of the ESD mode and the specific device structure [16][17][18].…”

Highly Reliable 1060nm Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Lasers (VCSELs) For Optical Interconnect

“…To estimate the random failure rate, the aging tests were performed in three different temperature conditions. The aging tests were performed up to 5,000 hours at 6 mA in 70 o C and 90 o C, and up to 2,000 hours at 6 mA in 120 o C. The duration of 90 o C and 120 o C was determined for 30 years operation in 40 o C with the acceleration factor of acceleration factor of Ea = 0.7eV as described in papers [6][7][8][9] . In this study, the total number of the VCSELs was 4,898 pcs (approximately 5,000), and no failure was observed.…”

“…Time dependencies in change ratio of optical power for the longest aged lot Assuming the normal operating condition of 40 o C and 6 mA, the total device-hours was 7.75×107 hours with the activation energy (Ea) of 0.35 eV and no current accelerated factor in www.cambridge.org © in this web service Cambridge University Press Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings Volume 1432: Reliability and Materials Issues of III-V and II-VI Semiconductor Optical and Electron Devices and Materials II Editors Osamu Ueda, Mitsuo Fukuda, Kenji Shiojima and Edwin Piner Excerpt More information calculation according to Telcordia GR-468-CORE. The number of Failure in term (FIT) is calculated.…”

InP-based vertical cavity surface emitting lasers for 10G applications

“…In contrast, no long-wavelength (LW) VCSELs are in full mass production up to now, in spite of large efforts toward commercialization . Recent progress of LW-VCSELs enables to achieve reasonable performance [1][2][3][4][5]. However, especially for 10G application, the challenges for LW-VCSEL modules are to achieve optical performances comparable to, or better than, those of well-established uncooled DFB laser modules as well as lower cost than that of DFB laser modules.…”