A PML-FDTD algorithm for simulating plasma-covered cavity-backed slot antennas

Simulations of GPR in dispersive media using a frequency-dependent PSTD algorithm

“…The perfectly matched layer (PML) originally proposed by Berenger [25] can be further extended to conductive and dispersive medium, as in [16], [17], [33]- [35]. Following the formulation of [16], [17] using the complex stretched coordinates [26], we can arrive at the PML modified Faraday's and Ampere's laws as…”

“…Following the formulation of [16], [17] using the complex stretched coordinates [26], we can arrive at the PML modified Faraday's and Ampere's laws as…”

“…The straightforward implementation of the temporal convolution in (4) is very inefficient as it requires the storage of the history of This issue has been addressed using several different methods, including the recursive convolution and piecewise linear recursive convolution methods [1]- [7] and their improved forms [16], [17]. First, we approximate a general susceptibility function in the frequency domain as a sum of simple functions (5) where and are the complex poles and the corresponding residues, respectively.…”

“…Conventional methods proposed to tackle this problem include recursive convolution (RC) and piecewise linear recursive convolution (PLRC) [1]- [7], auxiliary differential equation (ADE) [8]- [12], and -transform (ZT) [13]- [15]. Here we adopt the slightly improved RC and PLRC approaches [16], [17]. It was recently found [16]- [18] that, unlike the previous results, the RC approach can be made accurate despite its piecewise constant approximation within each time step.…”

“…Recently, these PML formulations have been further extended to dispersive media [22], [23], [33-[35]. In this work, the PML formulation in [16], [17] for general dispersive media is adopted for the PSTD algorithm. As demonstrated in [20]- [22] for nondispersive media, the PSTD method can be orders of magnitude more efficient than the FDTD method.…”