A point-of-care cassette test for detection of Strongyloides stercoralis

Noordin, Rahmah; Osman, Emelia; Kalantari, Narges; Anuar, Nor Suhada; Gorgani-Firouzjaee, Tahmineh; Sithithaworn, Paiboon; Juri, Nor Mustaiqazah; Rahumatullah, Anizah

doi:10.1016/j.actatropica.2021.106251

Cited by 15 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The cassette is preferable to the dipstick because it is sturdier and its use does not require additional laboratory equipment, and it can also be used on whole blood from a finger prick. Preliminary evaluation of the use of the cassette for whole blood showed that it performed well [ 9 ], but more data are needed to estimate its accuracy. In a previous study evaluating the diagnostic performance of the cassette ICT against sera from various origins (including sera from individuals from endemic areas, individuals with proven infection, individuals with co-infection, and blood donors), the reported sensitivity and specificity were 97% and 94.5%, respectively [ 9 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Preliminary evaluation of the use of the cassette for whole blood showed that it performed well [ 9 ], but more data are needed to estimate its accuracy. In a previous study evaluating the diagnostic performance of the cassette ICT against sera from various origins (including sera from individuals from endemic areas, individuals with proven infection, individuals with co-infection, and blood donors), the reported sensitivity and specificity were 97% and 94.5%, respectively [ 9 ]. Inconsistency between the results of the present study and those of Noordin et al [ 9 ] might be due to the different compositions of the serum panels, which included people of different origins (only sub-Saharan Africans in the former and mostly Asians in the latter study) and the methods used to calculate accuracy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The ICT is a prototype lateral flow assay that detects IgG4 against S. stercoralis [ 9 ]. The test line is lined with the recombinant antigen NIE [ 11 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The presence of the test line in addition to the control line defines a positive result. The procedure for the implementation of this test has been described in detail previously [ 9 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This ICT has been converted from a dipstick test to a sturdier and easy-to-use cassette format, with the sensitivity and specificity of the former used as references in the development of the latter. Preliminary evaluation of the cassette showed that its accuracy is good, with a sensitivity and specificity of 97% and 94.5%, respectively [ 9 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The accuracy of a recombinant antigen immunochromatographic test for the detection of Strongyloides stercoralis infection in migrants from sub-Saharan Africa

et al. 2022

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Background Strongyloidiasis, a nematode infection which is mainly caused by Strongyloides stercoralis in humans, can lead to a fatal syndrome in immunocompromised individuals. Its diagnosis is challenging due to the absence of a diagnostic gold standard. The infection is highly prevalent in migrants from endemic countries in tropical and subtropical areas, and a rapid diagnostic test would be helpful for screening purposes. The aim of this study was to estimate the accuracy of a novel immunochromatographic test (ICT) for the diagnosis of S. stercoralis infection. Methods A single-centre diagnostic accuracy study was undertaken using well-characterized frozen sera available from the biobank of a referral hospital for parasitic diseases in Italy. The included sera were from migrants from sub-Saharan Africa, and matching results were available for agar plate culture and/or polymerase chain reaction for S. stercoralis; moreover, the results of both a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay test and an in-house immunofluorescence test for strongyloidiasis were made available. Laboratory staff who read the ICT results were blinded as regards the results of the other tests. Two readers independently read the ICT, and a third one was involved when results were discrepant. The accuracy of the ICT was assessed both against the results of the panel of faecal tests and by latent class analysis (LCA). Results Agreement between the readers was excellent [Cohen’s κ = 92.7%, 95% confidence interval (CI) 88.3–97.1%]. When assessed against the results of the faecal tests, the sensitivity and specificity of the ICT were 82.4% (95% CI 75.7–89.0%) and 73.8% (95% CI 66.8–80.9%), respectively. According to the LCA, the sensitivity and specificity were 86.3% (95% CI 80.1–92.5%) and 73.9% (95% CI 67.0–80.8%), respectively. Conclusions The results of the ICT demonstrated ease of interpretation. The accuracy proved good, though the sensitivity might be further improved for screening purposes. Graphical Abstract

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The ICT is a prototype lateral flow assay that detects IgG4 against S. stercoralis [ 9 ]. The test line is lined with the recombinant antigen NIE [ 11 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The presence of the test line in addition to the control line defines a positive result. The procedure for the implementation of this test has been described in detail previously [ 9 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The accuracy of a recombinant antigen immunochromatographic test for the detection of Strongyloides stercoralis infection in migrants from sub-Saharan Africa

et al. 2022

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Nematodes

Sheorey,

Biggs,

Bradbury

2023

ClinMicroNow

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Nematodes are unsegmented cylindrical worms with a body cavity containing an alimentary canal and genital system; the sexes are separate. They have longitudinal muscles, which allow them to move by flexing their bodies. Molecular diagnosis for intestinal nematodes is increasingly being introduced in diagnostic laboratories. There are a variety of morphological features and DNA sequences which form the basis for taxonomy of nematodes. The primary diagnosis of infection is by demonstration of A. lumbricoides eggs in feces. Albendazole is the first choice for treating A. lumbricoides , and mebendazole is also effective. Any helminth eggs or larvae found in feces are significant, and treatment is recommended even if the patient is asymptomatic. There is no need to quantitate helminth parasites in a diagnostic context, as this does not necessarily correlate with clinical illness.

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