A Poisoning of Topical Importance

Dreisinger, Naomi; Zane, Debra; Etwaru, Kumarie

doi:10.1097/01.pec.0000248693.04057.f1

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Inhibition of acetylcholinesterases in parasites TTO, especially its extract such as T4O and 1,8 cineole, competitively block the neurotransmitter terminating enzyme (Brooks and Grace, 2002;Hengge et al 2006) Camphor oil C Topical Neurological Seizure like motor activity, slurred speech, ataxia and muscle weakness (Darben et al 1998;Dreisinger et al 2006) Systemic Fever Crotamiton C Topical Cutaneous Erythema, irritation and contact dermatitis (Hengge et al 2006;Scabies, 2008) Doxycycline D Oral Digestive Oesophageal erosion, nausea and diarrhoea (Smith and Leyden, 2005;van Zuuren et al 2015;Asai et al 2016) Cutaneous Photosensitivity, photo-onycholysis and rash (Smith and Leyden, 2005) Neurological (Mills et al 2004); however, it has been suggested that the inhibition of AchE by TTO may be more potent than that of the primary monoterpenoid constituents due to the synergistic or additive effect caused by a combination of components instead of a one single strong inhibitor (Miyazawa and Yamafuji, 2006).…”

Section: Possible Therapeutic Mechanisms Of Tto In Human Demodicosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Can the tea tree oil (Australian native plant:Melaleuca alternifolia Cheel) be an alternative treatment for human demodicosis on skin?

et al. 2018

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Australian tea tree oil (TTO) and its extract terpinen-4-ol (T4O) are found to be effective in moderating demodex-related diseases. Their possible effects are lowering the mite counts, relieving the demodex-related symptoms and modulating the immune system especially the inflammatory response. This review summarizes the topical treatments of TTO and T4O in human demodicosis, their possible mechanism of actions, side-effects and potential resistance in treating this condition. Although current treatments other than TTO and T4O are relatively effective in controlling the demodex mite population and the related symptoms, more research on the efficacy and drug delivery technology is needed in order to assess its potential as an alternative treatment with minimal side-effect profile, low toxicity and low risk of demodex resistance.

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Section: Possible Therapeutic Mechanisms Of Tto In Human Demodicosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Can the tea tree oil (Australian native plant:Melaleuca alternifolia Cheel) be an alternative treatment for human demodicosis on skin?

et al. 2018

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“… • Till date, no data. [ 53 - 56 ] • A report of fever and seizure-like motor activity -in slurred speech, ataxia, and muscle weakness were reported in children. • Orally, there are minor side effects.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, to date, there have been no reported deaths caused by topical use of eucalyptus oil. There was only a report of fever and seizure-like motor activity in a 2-year-old boy rubbed with eucalyptus oil [ 53 ]. A 6-year-old who was exposed to eucalyptus oil exhibited slurred speech, ataxia, and muscle weakness [ 54 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxicology and teratology of the active ingredients of professional therapy MuscleCare products during pregnancy and lactation: a systematic review

Alsaad

Fox

Koren

2015

BMC Complement Altern Med

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BackgroundThe rates of muscle aches, sprains, and inflammation are significantly increased during pregnancy. However, women are afraid to use systemic analgesics due to perceptions of fetal risks. Thus, topical products are important alternatives to consider for those women. Of interest, Professional Therapy MuscleCare (PTMC) has shown to be effective in alleviating the myofascial pain as reported in a randomized, placebo-controlled double-blinded comparative clinical study of five topical analgesics. However, to date, there is no complete review or long-term safety studies on the safety of these products during pregnancy and lactation. Thus, the aim of this article was to review toxicological, developmental, and reproductive effects associated with the use of PTMC products.MethodsWe performed a systematic review on safety of PTMC from all toxicological articles investigating the effects of PTMC’s ingredients. This search was conducted through medical and toxicological databases including, Web of Science, EMBASE, Medline, and Micromedix. Both reported and theoretical adverse effects were extensively reviewed.ResultsOf the 1500 publications reviewed, 100 papers were retrieved and included in the review. Although some ingredients in PTMC products might cause adverse reproductive effects at high systemic doses, these doses are hundreds to thousands fold greater than those systemically available from topical use at the recommended maximum dose (i.e. 10 g/day).ConclusionsThis study provides evidence that, when used as indicated, PTMC is apparently safe for pregnant women and their unborn babies as well as for breastfed infants.

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“…The literature indicates that Eucalyptus leaf extracts are toxic and contain pharmacologically active compounds. These may affect neurological pathways [ 13 ] and are neurotoxic in human beings [ 14 ]. Cyanogenic glycosides cause animal and aquatic acute toxicity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cyanogenic glycosides cause animal and aquatic acute toxicity. FPCs cause toxicity to liver and serotonin systems in insects, mammals and marsupials via gut and skin absorption [ 14–16 ]. The most potent molluscicidal agents from Eucalyptus sp .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preliminary investigations of toxicity in the Georges Bay catchment, Tasmania, Australia

Bleaney¹,

Hickey

Stewart

et al. 2014

International Journal of Environmental Studies

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North-eastern Tasmania, Australia has been an area of major production for Pacific oysters (Crassostrea gigas) for over 25 years. Since the mid-1990s, increased oyster mortality has been observed. The purpose of the present study was to identify the agent causing aquatic toxicity and to investigate whether there is a chemical and/or toxicological link between river foam and monoculture timber plantation forests of exotic eucalypts (Eucalyptus nitens) present in the catchment area. Foam samples from the George River catchment demonstrated high toxicity to a freshwater cladoceran and larvae of a marine blue mussel species. After filtration to remove most particulates, foam samples also demonstrated a marked reduction in toxicity to blue mussels, which suggested that the toxicity is particle associated. Foam and leaf extracts of E. nitens were then fractionated using HPLC and size exclusion chromatography and the resulting fractions were screened for cladoceran and blue mussel toxicity. Toxicity was detected in fractions common to both the foam and the leaf extracts. This study suggests that there may be a chemical and toxicological relationship between foam and E. nitens leaf components.

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A Poisoning of Topical Importance

Cited by 4 publications

References 4 publications

Can the tea tree oil (Australian native plant:Melaleuca alternifolia Cheel) be an alternative treatment for human demodicosis on skin?

Can the tea tree oil (Australian native plant:Melaleuca alternifolia Cheel) be an alternative treatment for human demodicosis on skin?

Toxicology and teratology of the active ingredients of professional therapy MuscleCare products during pregnancy and lactation: a systematic review

Preliminary investigations of toxicity in the Georges Bay catchment, Tasmania, Australia

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