Abstract:In this paper, a dual-band metamaterial absorber (MMA) ring with a mirror reflexed C-shape is introduced for X and Ku band sensing applications. The proposed metamaterial consists of two square ring resonators and a mirror reflexed C-shape, which reveals two distinctive absorption bands in the electromagnetic wave spectrum. The mechanism of the two-band absorber particularly demonstrates two resonance frequencies and absorption was analyzed using a quasi-TEM field distribution. The absorption can be tunable by… Show more
“…The following sections illustrate the resonator magnetic field variation as a change of a valid parameter. In this paper, the dielectric properties ( ε , μ) of the microstructure resonator are derived from the traditional procedure of obtaining material parameters from transmission/reflection (TR) data 20 , 21 . However, the substrate dielectric property and patch structure equivalent LC tank circuit both affect the complex permeability as well as the complex permittivity.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The relationship from E.J. Rothwell was used in the Nicolson-Ross-Weir (NRW) method to calculate the refractive index 20 Figure 6 Reflection, transmission, and dielectric properties of MRMA in simulation ( a ) reflection characteristics, ( b ) transmission characteristics, ( c ) reflection versus transmission (real part) in simulation (CST, ADS software) and measured results, ( d ) relative permittivity ( e ) relative permeability and ( f ) refractive index using the Direct Refractive Index (DRI) method. …”
This paper reports on a tunable transmission frequency characteristics-based metamaterial absorber of an X band sensing application with a fractional bandwidth. Tunable resonator metamaterial absorbers fabricated with dielectric surface have been the subject of growing attention of late. Absorbers possess electromagnetic properties and range modification capacity, and they have yet to be studied in detail. The proposed microstructure resonator inspired absorber with triple fractional band absorption consists of two balanced symmetrical vertical patches at the outer periphery and a tiny drop hole at two edges. Experimental verification depicted two absorption bands with single negative (SNG) characteristics for two resonances, but double negative (DNG) for single resonance frequency. The mechanism of sensing and absorption was analyzed using the transmission line principle with useful parameter analysis. Cotton, a hygroscopic fiber with moisture content, was chosen to characterize the proposed absorber for the X band application. The electrical properties of the cotton changed depending on the moisture absorption level. The simulation and the measured absorption approximately justified the result; the simulated absorption was above 90% (at 10.62, 11.64, and 12.8 GHz), although the steady level was 80%. The moisture content of the cotton (at different levels from 0 to 32.13%) was simulated, and the transmission resonance frequency changed its point in two significant ranges. However, comparing the two adopted measurement method and algorithm applied to the S parameter showed a closer variation between the two resonances (11.64 and 12.8 GHz) which signified that a much more accurate measurement of the cotton dielectric constant was possible up to a moisture content of 16.1%. However, certain unwanted changes were noted at 8.4–8.9 GHz and 10.6–12.4 GHz. The proposed triple-band absorber has potential applications in the X band sensing of moisture in capsules or tablet bottles.
“…The following sections illustrate the resonator magnetic field variation as a change of a valid parameter. In this paper, the dielectric properties ( ε , μ) of the microstructure resonator are derived from the traditional procedure of obtaining material parameters from transmission/reflection (TR) data 20 , 21 . However, the substrate dielectric property and patch structure equivalent LC tank circuit both affect the complex permeability as well as the complex permittivity.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The relationship from E.J. Rothwell was used in the Nicolson-Ross-Weir (NRW) method to calculate the refractive index 20 Figure 6 Reflection, transmission, and dielectric properties of MRMA in simulation ( a ) reflection characteristics, ( b ) transmission characteristics, ( c ) reflection versus transmission (real part) in simulation (CST, ADS software) and measured results, ( d ) relative permittivity ( e ) relative permeability and ( f ) refractive index using the Direct Refractive Index (DRI) method. …”
This paper reports on a tunable transmission frequency characteristics-based metamaterial absorber of an X band sensing application with a fractional bandwidth. Tunable resonator metamaterial absorbers fabricated with dielectric surface have been the subject of growing attention of late. Absorbers possess electromagnetic properties and range modification capacity, and they have yet to be studied in detail. The proposed microstructure resonator inspired absorber with triple fractional band absorption consists of two balanced symmetrical vertical patches at the outer periphery and a tiny drop hole at two edges. Experimental verification depicted two absorption bands with single negative (SNG) characteristics for two resonances, but double negative (DNG) for single resonance frequency. The mechanism of sensing and absorption was analyzed using the transmission line principle with useful parameter analysis. Cotton, a hygroscopic fiber with moisture content, was chosen to characterize the proposed absorber for the X band application. The electrical properties of the cotton changed depending on the moisture absorption level. The simulation and the measured absorption approximately justified the result; the simulated absorption was above 90% (at 10.62, 11.64, and 12.8 GHz), although the steady level was 80%. The moisture content of the cotton (at different levels from 0 to 32.13%) was simulated, and the transmission resonance frequency changed its point in two significant ranges. However, comparing the two adopted measurement method and algorithm applied to the S parameter showed a closer variation between the two resonances (11.64 and 12.8 GHz) which signified that a much more accurate measurement of the cotton dielectric constant was possible up to a moisture content of 16.1%. However, certain unwanted changes were noted at 8.4–8.9 GHz and 10.6–12.4 GHz. The proposed triple-band absorber has potential applications in the X band sensing of moisture in capsules or tablet bottles.
“…here, ε 0 represents free space, and ε r is relative permittivity, the area of the split is A , and d stands for the split length which is “ g ” in the proposed structure. The equivalent inductance is calculated according to the transmission line principle mentioned in literature 51 .where, l = length of microstrip line, w = width of microstrip line, t = thickness of microstrip line, correction factor = Kg = 0.57–0.145 ln means the thickness of the substrate and h ′ means the width of the substrate. Both the external and internal inductance must be considered to determine the total inductance.…”
In this paper, the design consideration is investigated for a cylindrical system with low-cost and low-loss dielectric materials for the detection of breast tumor using iteratively corrected delay multiply and sum (IC- DMAS) algorithm. Anomaly in breast tissue is one of the most crucial health issues for women all over the world today. Emergency medical imaging diagnosis can be harmlessly managed by microwave-based analysis technology. Microwave Imaging (MI) has been proved to be a reliable health monitoring approach that can play a fundamental role in diagnosing anomaly in breast tissue. An array of 16 high gain microstrip antennas loaded by Index Near-Zero (INZ) metasurfaces (MS), having the impedance bandwidth of 8.5 GHz (2.70–11.20 GHz) are used as transceivers for the system. The MS is used to increase the electrical length of the signal that results in the gain enhancements. The antennas are mounted in a cylindrical arrangement on a mechanical rotating table along with a phantom mounting podium. A non-reflective positive control switching matrix is used for transmitting and receiving microwave signals. A set of lab-made realistic heterogeneous breast phantoms containing skin, fat, glandular, and tumor tissue dielectric properties in individual layers are used to verify the performance of the proposed technique. The control of the mechanical unit, data collection, and post-processing is conducted via MATLAB. The system can detect multiple tumor objects. The imaging results and numerical Signal to Mean Ratio (SMR) values of the experiment validate the system efficiency and performance that can be a viable solution for tumor detections.
“…Negative values of ε and µ permit the energy and phase velocity of a wave to propagate in an inverse direction in the medium, thus resulting in a negative reflective index and forming left-handed material [1]. Leveraging the features of MMs, it has been investigated for different frequency ranges, i.e., GHz, THz and optical an frequency regime for most advance applications, such as sensing [2][3][4][5][6][7], satellite communication [8,9], invisibility cloaking [10,11], super lensing [12,13] and microwave-imaging [14]. Landy et al [15] first exploited the unique characteristics of MMs, and introduced the first metamaterial perfect absorber (MMPA).…”
This paper presents an ultra-wideband metamaterial absorber for solar harvesting in the infrared regime (220–360 THz) of the solar spectrum. The proposed absorber consists of square-shaped copper patches of different sizes imposed on a GaAs (Gallium arsenide) substrate. The design and simulation of the unit cell are performed with finite integration technique (FIT)-based simulation software. Scattering parameters are retrieved during the simulation process. The constructed design offers absorbance above 90% within a 37.89% relative bandwidth and 99.99% absorption over a vast portion of the investigated frequency range. An equivalent circuit model is presented to endorse the validity of the proposed structure. The calculated result strongly agrees with the simulated result. Symmetrical construction of the proposed unit cell reports an angular insensitivity up to a 35° oblique incidence. Post-processed simulation data confirm that the design is polarization-insensitive.
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