A polarization mode dispersion (PMD) emulator with tuneable first-order PMD and constant second-order PMD

Musara, Vitalis; Wu, Lorinda; Leitch, A.W.R.

doi:10.1016/j.optcom.2009.05.035

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…(3) means that with changing optical angular frequency, the output SOP out S precesses about the PMD vector ( ) ω τ in the Poincaré sphere at a rate equal to the differential group delay (DGD). In a fiber, the output SOP out S is related to the input SOP in S by [12] in out represents the wavelengthindependent PMD vector provided by the HiDGD section [5,6]. Under this condition (the former) and with reference to Fig.…”

Section: Dgdmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Findings by Rogers [2], Galtarossa et al [3], and Conibear et al [4] indicate on some fiber cables the presence of fiber sections having higher DGD (HiDGD) contributions than others, through the use of the polarization-optical time domain reflectometry technique (P-OTDR). Musara et al [5,6] through emulation proved that the overall mean DGD of the fiber link is biased towards that of the HiDGD section. In order to show that a HiDGD section is the highest contributor to the overall DGD of a fiber link, Eq.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The impact of a high differential group delay section on the output state of polarization of propagating light

Musara

Ireeta

et al. 2011

IEEE Africon '11

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Research to date has shown that high differential group delay (HiDGD) sections along an optical fiber network link are the major contributors to PMD. PMD has deleterious effects on propagating optical signals. In this paper, we show the effect a HiDGD section has on the output state of polarization (SOP) of propagating light. Experimental results in this paper show a reduction in the range of the output SOP spread with an increase in the DGD of the HiDGD section to a given asymptote (a minimum) i.e. when HiDGD ≥ 35ps. However, the output SOP spread and its asymptote solely depends on the location of the HiDGD section along the fiber link length. A small output SOP spread over the entire wavelength scan covers a few polarization states on the Poincaré sphere and vice versa for a large output SOP spread. The small output SOP spread over the entire wavelength range (50 nm in steps of 0.3 nm for this study) is an indicator that the polarization capabilities of optical telecommunication signals are restricted to minute SOPs.

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Section: Dgdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of a high differential group delay section on the output state of polarization of propagating light

Musara

Ireeta

et al. 2011

IEEE Africon '11

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“…However, some fibre links do not approach the Maxwellian-distribution [3]. Emulators constructed to mimic the PMD behaviour in these fibres do not need to have FO-PMD distributions which are Maxwellian.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Just as for FO-PMD, SO-PMD emulators should accurately mimic the SO-PMD statistics of the fibre link under investigation. Some researchers have maintained either FO-PMD fixed and varied SO-PMD or vice versa [3], [4]. Other emulators can have either FO-or SO-PMD null as one parameter is investigated [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Essence of re-calibrating optical instruments: analysis of the digital delay line

Ireeta¹,

Musara²,

Wu³

et al. 2013

aap

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In this work a digital delay line (DDL) from Oz Optics was used. The DDL introduces a delay in optical paths between the fast and slow orthogonal polarizations by adjusting the relative travel distance of the two orthogonal modes. The insertion loss of the DDL is 1.5 dB. A Labview programme was used to write and read from the DDL. The DDL was adjusted from 0 to 60 ps and the observed first order polarization mode dispersion (FO-PMD) was measured. With 1018 random values between 0 and 60 ps, written to the DDL to adjust it, the resulting FO-PMD values give a histogram approaching the Maxwellian distribution, although not well populated on the tail. This therefore means the DDL alone can be controlled to generate a distribution approximating the Maxwellian distribution over a large sample size as would be expected theoretically. 118Winston T. Ireeta et al.

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“…E denotes expectation. However, Musara et al [11,12] experimentally proved that FO-PMD can be adjusted whilst SO-PMD remains null, and FO-PMD can be kept constant as SO-PMD is varied and vice versa. Zeng [13] also designed an emulator with constant FO-PMD but varying SO-PMD.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emulator with inverse trend in first-order and second-order polarisation mode dispersion

Musara

Fosuhene

Ireeta

et al. 2011

Optics Communications

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A polarization mode dispersion (PMD) emulator with tuneable first-order PMD and constant second-order PMD

Cited by 5 publications

References 17 publications

The impact of a high differential group delay section on the output state of polarization of propagating light

The impact of a high differential group delay section on the output state of polarization of propagating light

Essence of re-calibrating optical instruments: analysis of the digital delay line

Emulator with inverse trend in first-order and second-order polarisation mode dispersion

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