‘A police officer shot a Black man’: Racial categorization, racism, and mundane culpability in news reports of police shootings of black people in the United States of America

Shrikant, Natasha; Sambaraju, Rahul

doi:10.1111/bjso.12490

Cited by 14 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…For participants, the then race was mobilized in relation to national categories in making claims about racism. Shrikant and Sambaraju (2021) examine the use of racial categorizations in news announcements involving police killings of Black persons. In the ongoing context of increased attention to police violence on Black persons, racial categorization in announcing such events takes on distinct meanings.…”

Section: Mobilizing Racementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The absence of any other reason leaves no explanation for the shooting and indicates the possibility of racism. Shrikant and Sambaraju (2021) suggest that this is all the more likely given the increasing awareness that Black persons in the United States are routine targets of police violence. Race and racial categorization then are used to imply institutionalized racial violence.…”

Section: Mobilizing Racementioning

confidence: 99%

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Mobilizing race and racism: Visible race and invisible racism

Sambaraju

McVittie

2021

British J Social Psychol

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Social psychological research into racism has, to date, concerned itself mainly with racism as a form of prejudice. Different approaches to the study of racism have thus originated in understandings and theorizing of prejudice more generally. A particular focus of such work has been the apparent decline, within contemporary society, of instances of what might readily be recognized or treated as prejudice in public settings, and the explanation for this decline in, or absence of, explicit prejudice. Recent events, however, especially in the United States and the United Kingdom, but also elsewhere, have been marked by overt concerns with racism. These events, public debate, and counterarguments, all suggest that concerns with race and racism have become more manifest in present society. It is this context that provides the background for this special section.The papers in this special section include studies that offer a social psychological examination of contemporary engagement with race and racism. The studies here examine and interrogate the social psychological significance of race and racism in settings and contexts where these are not merely salient but are explicit. While it is hard to make claims about whether occurrences of racism have increased or forms of racism have changed in recent times, it is certainly the case that race and racism are more visibly part of our social lives (Burke, 2017).Events such as the police killings of Black persons in the United States have been ongoing for a long period in various forms (Ward, 2018). However, the recent shootings of George Floyd and Breonna Taylor, among others, resulted in the rekindling of a global movement to tackle racism across countries and contexts (BlackLivesMatter, 2020;Chugtai, 2020). Outside of policing, areas such as sports, academia, and public spaces are increasingly subject to scrutiny for how race and racism are dealt with in these settings. There have been growing calls for the removal of statues of controversial historical figures implicated in potentially racist activities (Treisman, 2021); there are increasing calls for acknowledging the role of race in various sports (Ali, 2020;Rainford-Brent, 2021); and in academia, there is an institutional recognition of racism (Subbaraman, 2020). Irrespective of the reasons for the prominence of race and racism, it is the case that contemporary social life in the 'Western' world has to contend with race and racism, and the implications of this for our behaviours.Social psychological work on race and racism has traversed the full range of sociopolitical contexts that people find themselves in. Researchers from various approaches and methodologies continue to be keenly concerned with various aspects of race and racism. Throughout the history of social psychological work, approaches have reflected not only prevalent theories but also ongoing societal concerns. For instance, the work of Allport (1954) and the subsequent approaches of 'subtle prejudice' were developed in the context of the post-Jim Crow e...

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Section: Mobilizing Racementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Mobilizing Racementioning

confidence: 99%

Mobilizing race and racism: Visible race and invisible racism

Sambaraju

McVittie

2021

British J Social Psychol

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“…Discursive psychologists and conversation analysts have investigated the denials of racism and debates about race‐related affairs (Augoustinos & Every, 2007; Durrheim et al, 2015; Wetherell & Potter, 1992), and the situated deployments of race categories (Shrikant, 2022; Shrikant & Sanbaraju, 2021; Whitehead, 2009, 2012, 2013, 2019) in various interactional settings (see commentaries and reviews by Durrheim, 2014; Gibson, 2021; Robles & Shrikant, 2021; Whitehead, 2017). Recent investigations have turned to racism at the point of its production (Bolden et al, 2022; Joyce & Sterphone, 2022; Laurier et al, Under Review).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Talking about the experiences of racism: A study of reporting racism in broadcast interviews

Xie

2023

British J Social Psychol

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This study examines how experiences of racism are talked about during broadcast interviews. Inspired by discursive-psychological and conversation-analytic investigations on experience in interactions, this study approaches experience as a 'loose term' and as a participant's issue in the unfolding sequence of talks. The analysis documents a range of interactional moments wherein experiences are invoked and negotiated over the course of reporting racism in the interviews. The findings align with the existing discursive-psychological and conversation-analytic research on experiences, and provide further evidence on how speakers jointly orient to and manage the issues of who knows and owns an experience, and has the premier authority to claim an experience, in relation to reporting racism. The analysis unveils the intricacy of inquiring and talking about a victim's experience of racism. People's (use of) common sense understanding of the detrimental nature of racism is met and complicated by an orientation to our unlevelled access to an experience of racism, which is a category-based societal problem.

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“…This is evident in law enforcement's contentious history of fatal shootings; none more so than in jurisdictions such as the Philippines, which has seen some of the highest numbers of officer-involved shootings (OIS) (Amnesty International, 2017; Jensen and Hapal, 2018; Tusalem, 2019), and Brazil where shooting figures have remained high (United Nations, 2022). Much of the criticism of such practices originates in Europe (European Parliament, 2016) and the United States (US State Department, 2023a, 2023b) where OIS incidents have been linked to institutional racism (Mesic et al, 2018; Shrikant and Sambaraju, 2021). In 2022, statistics for the United Kingdom (UK) indicated that its officers were three times more likely to use force on Black people than on any other race (Home Office, 2022), and in 2023 the UK’s premier police force was found to be institutionally racist, sexist and misogynistic (Baroness Casey Review, 2023).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Going cyberpunk: Conceptualizing the smart(er) artificially intelligent firearm for policing's Utopian future

Chowdhury

2023

International Journal of Police Science & Management

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As policing develops into a more professional, evidence-driven and technical endeavour, heightened public concern regarding organizational competence and police culture-related fallacies have become augmented, especially in the case of officer-involved shootings. Introduction of body-worn cameras, increased CCTV coverage, vehicle dashcams and the advent of social media, have provided avenues for investigation into misconduct, but institutional and individual failings such as racism, sexism and other forms of discrimination remain a concern. Technical innovations like smart guns, smart targeting and programmable projectiles have instigated conversations about traditional firearms and whether alternatives using cutting-edge technology could address some of these shortcomings. This article examines existing policing technologies, providing an overview of advanced computational and sensor systems, the risks and dangers of these mechanisms, as well as their potential benefits and drawbacks. It conceptualizes whether existing technologies can be transformed into a smarter, more efficient firearm, powered by artificial intelligence (AI). The premise of the AI-assisted firearm being the promise of a future in which unwanted outcomes in officer/citizen encounters can be counteracted through AI assisting in better decision-making. The article considers hardware and software, policy issues, associated risks and potential advantages of the firearms system, providing a wider perspective on the increasing use of computational technologies in policing practice, and highlighting areas for further research and discussion.

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‘A police officer shot a Black man’: Racial categorization, racism, and mundane culpability in news reports of police shootings of black people in the United States of America

Cited by 14 publications

References 58 publications

Mobilizing race and racism: Visible race and invisible racism

Mobilizing race and racism: Visible race and invisible racism

Talking about the experiences of racism: A study of reporting racism in broadcast interviews

Going cyberpunk: Conceptualizing the smart(er) artificially intelligent firearm for policing's Utopian future

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