A political ecology perspective on resource extraction and human security in Kenya, Bolivia and Peru

Schilling, Janpeter; Schilling‐Vacaflor, Almut; Flemmer, Riccarda; Froese, Rebecca

doi:10.1016/j.exis.2020.10.009

Cited by 22 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…This means that a region can have an own political agenda and an institutional structure that is linked to the central state in two ways: as a support, but sometimes also with a tendency to distance itself from it [32], though always embedded in the structures of the central state [33]. The social-relational component is addressed by taking a political ecology perspective focusing on the actors' interests and networks as well as inequality and political dynamics on and across different scales [2]. These scales are prevalent in our framework within the identified conflict drivers and intervening institutions (see Figure 3).…”

Section: Analytical Frameworkmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Access to and control over natural resources play a key role in land use conflicts in the southwestern Amazon [1]. Often, formal and informal institutions govern access and distribution of natural resources, and thus directly or indirectly shape and influence the conflict potential in the region [2]. While these institutions have undergone many restructuring processes through sometimes fast changing governmental frame conditions throughout the past century, underlying structures have mostly remained centralized.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Conflicts over Land as a Risk for Social-Ecological Resilience: A Transnational Comparative Analysis in the Southwestern Amazon

Froese

Pinzón²,

Aceitón

et al. 2022

Sustainability

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People in the department of Madre de Dios/Peru, the state of Acre/Brazil, and the department of Pando/Bolivia experience similar conflicts over land, land use, and access to resources. At the same time, each conflict reveals distinct characteristics and dynamics, arising from its history, legal regulation, institutional (in-)capacities, and culturally diverse local populations. The aim of this paper is to better understand the main drivers of social-ecological conflicts over land in and around three protected areas in this transboundary region, known as MAP, and to analyze how (environmental) institutions influence these drivers. The paper is based on a literature review and expert interviews; it focuses on conflicts around (1) gold mining in Madre de Dios, (2) extensive cattle ranching in Acre, and (3) access to communal land in Pando. Using theories of conflict research, expanded by a political ecology perspective and insights from stakeholder and expert interviews, we find that the major conflict drivers are (1) land tenure and access to land and natural resources, (2) identity and lifestyle driven transformations, (3) state and market driven agendas, and (4) networked illegal and criminal activities. Through a comparative conflict analysis, we develop four recommendations to strengthen the creation of reflexive institutions that may be able to foster social-ecological resilience in the region: (1) The clarification of responsibilities between governance institutions and their financing; (2) the awareness raising for existing power structures and opening spaces for enhanced local participation; (3) the breaking of corruptive cycles while developing economically, ecologically, and socially sustainable livelihood opportunities; and (4) taking the continuous reproduction of illegal activities into account while clarifying responsibilities, raising awareness, and breaking corruptive cycles. The results of our research therefore not only contribute to a better understanding of conflicts in the MAP region and the wider scientific literature on social-ecological conflicts and governance, but it is also the first paper that identifies entry points and prerequisites for the transformation from reactive to reflexive institutions in Amazonian societies.

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Section: Analytical Frameworkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conflicts over Land as a Risk for Social-Ecological Resilience: A Transnational Comparative Analysis in the Southwestern Amazon

Froese

Pinzón²,

Aceitón

et al. 2022

Sustainability

Self Cite

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“…In Africa, most of these regulations crisp on small groups and individual miners [29]. Very few countries have specified environmental degradation as a crime [30]. One of the main shortcomings is weak enforcement of policies and regulations [31] [16].…”

Section: Analysis Of Policy and Regulatory Gapsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Mining Regulations and Environmental Sustainability of Artisanal Gold Mining Sector

Tampushi

Onyari

Muthama

2021

AJEE

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Artisanal and small-scale gold mining imparts on economic development more significantly in developing countries, but it is also responsible for serious environmental deterioration and human health concerns. Despite, the robust environmental legislations focused at mitigating the pernicious environmental and human health effects, little attention has been given to integration of environmental sustainability concepts into these regulations. This paper aims at addressing this gap by utilizing a systematic literature review methodology to analyze regulatory gaps and identify areas for improvement for integration of sustainable development. This study employed a systematic review designed to identify published scholarly studies on artisanal gold mining regulations for their effectiveness on environmental sustainability in the ASGM sector. A total of 159 papers were retrieved from the selected databases, 41 passed the inclusion criteria after a conscientious data analysis forming the evidence synthesis. After a rigorous data analysis, we find that the existing literature on ASGM regulations, largely do not systematically integrate critical issues of environmental sustainability. We found that, the regulations have concentrated on effects of chemicals such as mercury and cyanide mining technologies to minimize pollution and environmental assessments, while at the same time failing to address regulatory components of social issues, lack environmental incentives for the poor miners to improve production, lack of alternative technologies, lack of social securities, economic incentives and relevant trainings and awareness creation on health and safety which will continue to motivate unsustainable operations. It is thus strongly proposed that environmental sustainability concepts should be systematically and simultaneously integrated into ASGM regulations and policies in order to promote community livelihoods while protecting the environment from its rudimentary activities. The existing literature on ASGM regulations is unsystematic and inconsistent with most of it failing to fully address environmental sustainability challenges

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“…The concept of Human Security and fundamental approaches concentrate on individuals and ful􀅫illments the necessity of the public. Furthermore, fundamental approaches that human rights affect assessments have a comparison re􀅫ined to concentrate on human rights abuses (Schilling, Schilling-Vaca􀅫lor, Flemmer, & Froese, 2021). Using the human security concept as an analytical framework is interpreted as whether or not the actors seeking to provide security have tried to consult individuals apprehensive about what they hold important for security and well-being (Gilder, 2021).…”

Section: Comprehensive Security Frameworkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synchronization of National Security Policy in the Discourse of the Establishment of the National Security Council

Sufiuddin¹,

Bainus²,

Darmawan³

2021

J. adv. humanit. soc. sci.

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This paper aims to explain the National Security Council (NSC) in Indonesia Security Bill Design that refers to comprehensive security and human security concepts. The NSC's importance is to encounter military and non-military threats, which are constantly experiencing unexpected changes that the other country has implemented. The research methodology used in this study is to use qualitative descriptive studies with purposive sampling sample selection methods. Then to test the validity of the data used, data triangulation techniques by comparing the information obtained so that analysis could be done with different sources. Applications to this study are to support national security policy to in􀅫luence policymakers by offering a concept of the NSC as an alternative to make a national grand strategy based on comprehensive security and human security concepts. This study shows that the discourse of establishing the NSC serves as an institution that synchronizes overlapping national security policies through the National Security Bill. To realize the implementation of holistic and comprehensive state security, it is necessary to ensure human safety based on Human Security declared by the United Nations Development Program (UNDP). To realize the stability of national security policy, it is necessary to eliminate several state institutions such as the Presidential Advisory Council, the National Resilience Council, and the Coordinating Ministry for Politics, Law, and Security which regulatory does not yet have a clear security concept. Therefore, to realize the establishment of the NSC as an institution that helps the President formulate a state security policy, a regulation that contains a national grand strategy to support the Republic of Indonesia that is ready to deal with military and non-military security threats.

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A political ecology perspective on resource extraction and human security in Kenya, Bolivia and Peru

Cited by 22 publications

References 42 publications

Conflicts over Land as a Risk for Social-Ecological Resilience: A Transnational Comparative Analysis in the Southwestern Amazon

Conflicts over Land as a Risk for Social-Ecological Resilience: A Transnational Comparative Analysis in the Southwestern Amazon

A Review of Mining Regulations and Environmental Sustainability of Artisanal Gold Mining Sector

Synchronization of National Security Policy in the Discourse of the Establishment of the National Security Council

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