A Polyaxonal Amacrine Cell Population in the Primate Retina

Greschner, Martin; Field, Greg D.; Li, Peter H.; Schiff, M.; Gauthier, Jeffrey; Ahn, Daniel; Sher, Alexander; Litke, A. M.; Chichilnisky, E. J.

doi:10.1523/jneurosci.3359-13.2014

Cited by 66 publications

(82 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…In these cases, careful inspection of the temporal electrical image was critical. Also, aside from parasol cells, many midget cells were matched, as well as a few cells of other types: small bistratified cells, a sparser ON RGC type (data not shown, possibly the ON counterpart of the OFF upsilon type previously described; Petrusca et al, 2007), and polyaxonal amacrine cells (data not shown; Greschner et al, 2014). The numerically dominant ON and OFF midget cells were easily identified by their distinctive asymmetric morphology, and by their density in physiological recordings.…”

Section: Matching Somas Of Molecularly Identified Rgc Typesmentioning

confidence: 55%

“…The other consisted of 519 electrodes with 30 m spacing, covering a hexagonal region 450 m on a side (Figs. 1, 2, 7;Gunning et al, 2007); 512 of these electrodes were used for recording and seven were disconnected. Electrodes were arranged in an isosceles triangular lattice with 60 m (or 30 m) interelectrode spacing within each row of electrodes, and 60 m (or 30 m) between rows.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A possible solution to the matching problem lies in the electrical image: the average pattern of voltage deflections introduced by a spike across the electrodes in a high-density array (Litke et al, 2004;Greschner et al, 2014). The electrical image can be measured by averaging over many spikes recorded from a single cell, revealing features of the soma, dendrites, and axon of the cell with striking resolution.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Anatomical Identification of Extracellularly Recorded Cells in Large-Scale Multielectrode Recordings

Gauthier

Schiff

et al. 2015

J. Neurosci.

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This study combines for the first time two major approaches to understanding the function and structure of neural circuits: large-scale multielectrode recordings, and confocal imaging of labeled neurons. To achieve this end, we develop a novel approach to the central problem of anatomically identifying recorded cells, based on the electrical image: the spatiotemporal pattern of voltage deflections induced by spikes on a large-scale, high-density multielectrode array. Recordings were performed from identified ganglion cell types in the macaque retina. Anatomical images of cells in the same preparation were obtained using virally transfected fluorescent labeling or by immunolabeling after fixation. The electrical image was then used to locate recorded cell somas, axon initial segments, and axon trajectories, and these signatures were used to identify recorded cells. Comparison of anatomical and physiological measurements permitted visualization and physiological characterization of numerically dominant ganglion cell types with high efficiency in a single preparation.

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Section: Matching Somas Of Molecularly Identified Rgc Typesmentioning

confidence: 55%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Anatomical Identification of Extracellularly Recorded Cells in Large-Scale Multielectrode Recordings

Gauthier

Schiff

et al. 2015

J. Neurosci.

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“…Retinal interneurons are primarily non-spiking, even though some amacrine cells can produce action potentials [16]. Retinal interneurons pass on visual information to about 20 distinct classes of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) that generate action potentials relayed to the brain by their axons, which constitute the optic nerve (Figure 1(c)).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electronic approaches to restoration of sight

Goetz

Palanker

2016

Rep. Prog. Phys.

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Retinal prostheses are a promising means for restoring sight to patients blinded by the gradual atrophy of photoreceptors due to retinal degeneration. They are designed to reintroduce information into the visual system by electrically stimulating surviving neurons in the retina. This review outlines the concepts and technologies behind two major approaches to retinal prosthetics: epiretinal and subretinal. We describe how the visual system responds to electrical stimulation. We highlight major differences between direct encoding of the retinal output with epiretinal stimulation, and network-mediated response with subretinal stimulation. We summarize results of pre-clinical evaluation of prosthetic visual functions in- and ex-vivo, as well as the outcomes of current clinical trials of various retinal implants. We also briefly review alternative, non-electronic, approaches to restoration of sight to the blind, and conclude by suggesting some perspectives for future advancement in the field.

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“…The 512 electrodes MEA is our current standard [4], also with 60 μm inter-electrode spacing; it can simultaneously record from hundreds of RGCs. For studies of small-area RGCs, the highdensity MEA with 30 μm spacing [5] can be used; for large-area retinal neurons (including spiking amacrine cells) large area MEAs with 120 μm spacing have been utilized [6]. The next generation of MEA systems we hope to implement will increase the number of electrodes by a factor of four to ~2048, with 30 and 60 μm spacing.…”

Section: Pos(vertex2015)020mentioning

confidence: 99%

Developments in neural vision technology

Litke¹

2015

Proceedings of 24th International Workshop on Vertex Detectors — PoS(VERTEX2015)

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The visual system is a remarkable neural network that is able to extract vital information about the external visual world. The conversion of the dynamic visual input into processed electrical signals is performed by the retina, an extraordinary biological pixel detector that lines the back of the eye and transmits coded information to the brain. The brain does further processing and generates visual perceptions. In this report, after an introduction to the visual system, I will describe the technology and experimental methods we have developed and employ, in close collaboration with neurobiologists, to probe both the retina and the brain. These methods are based on large-scale multielectrode array systems that can record, and in some cases stimulate, the electrical activity of a large population of neurons. This project was inspired by the development of silicon microstrip detectors for high energy physics experiments.

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A Polyaxonal Amacrine Cell Population in the Primate Retina

Cited by 66 publications

References 63 publications

Anatomical Identification of Extracellularly Recorded Cells in Large-Scale Multielectrode Recordings

Anatomical Identification of Extracellularly Recorded Cells in Large-Scale Multielectrode Recordings

Electronic approaches to restoration of sight

Developments in neural vision technology

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