A polymer gel with electrically driven motility

Osada, Yoshihito; Okuzaki, Hidenori; Hori, Hirofumi

doi:10.1038/355242a0

Cited by 1,257 publications

(781 citation statements)

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“…They have become extensively attractive due to their ability to simulate biological tissues and respond reversibly to the external stimuli [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10]. However, most conventional soft and wet hydrogels usually show extremely poor functions due to their amorphous structure, i.e., random cross-linking polymer chain at molecular level, in contrast with the natural bio-tissue that possesses well-defined hierarchy structure from molecular level to macroscopic scale.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-functions of hydrogel with bilayer-based lamellar structure

Haque

Gong

2013

Reactive and Functional Polymers

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A novel hybrid hydrogel has been developed by combining bilayer-based lamellar structure of a self-assembled polymer surfactant and polymer network of conventional hydrogel system. A wide range of lamellar structure from micro-domain up to macro-domain (cm-scale) has been successfully generated in the hydrogel. Flat, infinitely large, and perfectly aligned lamellar macro-domain was formed by applying mechanical shear to the gel forming precursor solution containing monomer, cross-linker, and initiator. The obtained hydrogel system contains macroscopic, single-domain, periodical stacking of integrated microscopic lamellar bilayers inside the polymer matrix of the hydrogel. Periodical stacking of the bilayers in the hydrogel selectively diffract visible light to exhibit magnificent structural color. Due to the uniaxial orientation of the bilayer, the hydrogel possesses superb functions that have never been realized before, such as the one-dimensional swelling, anisotropic Young's modulus, anisotropic molecular permeation, and diffusion. Furthermore, the hydrogel exhibits excellent color tuning ability over a wide spectrum range by mechanical stimuli.3

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-functions of hydrogel with bilayer-based lamellar structure

Haque

Gong

2013

Reactive and Functional Polymers

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“…[33] Stimulus-responsive motility has also been engineered in such robots by Hori and co-workers, who imitated worm-like locomotion in an electrically triggered poly(2-acrylamido-2-methyl propane) hydrogel. [34] In addition to bioinspired approaches for stimulus-responsive or autonomous actuation of smart synthetic hydrogels, there has also been significant interest in drawing design inspiration for robots from natural biological systems. For example, Zhao and co-workers have recently imitated the biological design of a sea creature, the leptocephalus, in hydrogel robots composed of polyacrylamide-alginate hydrogels.…”

Section: Stimulus-responsive Hydrogels For Biomimetic Actuation and Mmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomimicry, Biofabrication, and Biohybrid Systems: The Emergence and Evolution of Biological Design

Raman

Bashir

2017

Adv Healthcare Materials

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how the concept of bioinspiration, or imitating biological design and functionality in synthetic materials, created a new class of "smart" biomimetic materials. Then, we shall discuss how the continuing development of enabling manufacturing technologies, such as 3D printing and microfluidics, has established the separate subdiscipline of biofabrication for tissue engineering, or "building with biology." Finally, we shall investigate the convergence of these two fields into the emerging discipline of biohybrid design, the use of biological materials to power non-natural functional behaviors in synthetic machines. Throughout this report, we will revisit a single class of materials, hydrogels, as a case study of biological design in the context of each subfield, and discuss how the constraints, underlying principles, and end-use applications differ in each case. We will also discuss ethical considerations of biological design, with a special focus on forward engineering non-natural or hypernatural functional behaviors in biohybrid systems. We will conclude with recommendations for implementing biological design into educational curricula, ensuring effective and responsible practices for the next generation of engineers and scientists. Biomimicry and Bioinspired DesignA deeper understanding of the underlying design principles that govern biological systems has inspired the field of biomimicry. [1,2] Observing adaptive phenomena in nature, scientists and engineers have sought to extract the components of biological design responsible for this behavior and replicate the behavior in synthetic materials. Fundamentally, this involves understanding the building blocks or base units from which a biological material is built, the hierarchical assembly of these building blocks, and the interactions and interfaces between them.In this section, we will discuss strategies that engineers and scientists have employed to engineer bioinspired hierarchy, from bottom-up self-assembly and top-down engineered assembly. We will present several key demonstrations of stimulus-responsive hydrogels ranging from the micro-to the macroscale, and investigate novel demonstrations in biomimetic actuation and movement. We will conclude with the remaining challenges in the field of biomimicry and discuss the potential future impact of bioinspired design.The discipline of biological design has a relatively short history, but has undergone very rapid expansion and development over that time. This Progress Report outlines the evolution of this field from biomimicry to biofabrication to biohybrid systems' design, showcasing how each subfield incorporates bioinspired dynamic adaptation into engineered systems. Ethical implications of biological design are discussed, with an emphasis on establishing responsible practices for engineering non-natural or hypernatural functional behaviors in biohybrid systems. This report concludes with recommendations for implementing biological design into educational curricula, ensuring effective and responsible practice...

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“…The amount of retained water or swelling is influenced by environmental conditions, such as temperature, pH, salt, light and electric field [17]. Therefore, smart hydrogels have been designed to sense these stimuli based on gel volume change.…”

Section: Stimuli Responsive Hydrogelsmentioning

confidence: 99%