A polymeric junction membrane for solid-state reference electrodes

Electrochemical Sensors

“…46 While there were no new chemical principles reported, the design offers good adhesion, hydration from the outside sample within 100 s, and a useful lifetime of up to 90 min.…”

Formation of autonomous ion sensors based on ion insertion-type materials

“…For planar geometries, screen printed Ag/AgCl thin or thick films [21,22], stable and reproducible potentials were obtained by setting the chloride ion activity with KClbased slurry. However, even using a protective polymeric matrix cover such as PVC, cellulose acetate or polyurethane [23][24][25] (which leaves the formation of such a reference system relatively complex), there is still some KCl dissolution leading to potential drift and solution contamination [26]. To circumvent such drawbacks, pH sensors (IrO x [27] or MO x [28] thin films) have been studied as pseudo-references in bio-sensors and biochip devices under development (i.e.…”

Immunosensing Microchip Using Fast and Selective Preparation of an Iridium Oxide Nanoparticle‐Based Pseudoreference Electrode

“…However, easy dissolution of AgCl in high Cl À concentrations and a complicated fabrication procedure of Ag/AgCl films limits their reliable and practical use. To improve the stability of Ag/AgCl reference electrodes, their surfaces should be covered with polymer membranes [12][13][14]. Alternatively, miniature iridium oxide (IrO x )-and platinum oxide-modified electrodes have been used as pseudoreference electrodes operating in buffered solutions, as their electrode potentials are stable in the solutions [15][16][17][18][19].…”