A polymorphism linked to elevated levels of interferon-γ is associated with an increased risk of cytomegalovirus disease among Caucasian lung transplant recipients at a single center

Association of Interferon Gamma Gene Polymorphisms With BK Virus Infection Among Hispanic Renal Allograft Recipients

“…Specifically, IFN-F inhibits viral gene expression and progeny production in a dose-dependent manner (42). In a study of 170 lung transplant recipients, Mitsani and colleagues showed that the IFN-F +874 TT genotype was associated with reduced risk of CMV viremia with significantly lower peak serum viral loads than TA or AA genotypes (51). In this study, IFN-F +874 TT genotype was less frequent in patients with acute rejection and appears to be a protective factor of kidney allograft rejection.…”

“…It has been shown that SNP +874 T/A (rs 2430561), located at a NF-kB binding site in the first intron of IFN-F, might control the levels of IFN-F production (44,45). IFN-F polymorphisms have been studied in different ethnic groups and have shown to be associated with various diseases, including tuberculosis (46), human papillomavirusYinduced cervical cancer (47), parvovirus B19 infection (48), hepatitis B virus infection (49), HIV-1/AIDS infection (50), and cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection (51), revealing its potential role of immune function in host defense against bacterial and viral infection while others did not find any significant association with outcomes of invasive candidiasis (52) and chronic hepatitis C (53). It is postulated that higher levels IFN-F +874 (A9T) production might protect allograft recipients from developing BKVN by inhibiting viral replication of the BK virus.…”

Going beyond serology for stratifying the risk of CMV infection in transplant recipients

“…In addition, D + /R − patients with an IL‐28B SNP (rs8099917) had significantly lower levels of CMV replication, while R + kidney recipients carrying the T allele of the rs12979860 SNP were less susceptible to CMV infection than their CC counterparts . The IFN‐γ + 874 T/T genotype, associated with high levels of IFN‐γ production, was found as an independent risk factor for developing CMV disease in heart recipients Allo‐HSCT setting: Loeffler et al analyzed 90 polymorphisms in 17 immune genes and observed that certain SNPs mapping within CCR5 and IL‐10 genes were linked to a higher risk of CMV disease, while SNPs in monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP1) gene were associated with an increased risk of CMV reactivation .…”

Expanding role of cytomegalovirus as a human pathogen

“…Genotypic analyses of transplant recipients, and in some instances that of donors, may also help determine the risk of active CMV infection and invasive disease. Some single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes encoding pattern recognition molecules and receptors (mannose‐binding lectin, ficolin‐2, toll‐like receptors 2, 4, and 9, dendritic cell‐specific ICAM3‐grabbing non‐integrin, and chemokine receptor 5), cytokines and chemokines (interleukin‐12, interleukin‐10, interferon‐γ, interferon‐λ3 ‐IL28B‐, and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1), and immune regulatory membrane‐associated proteins (human programmed death‐1) appear to be associated with a higher risk of developing active CMV infection, CMV end‐organ disease, or both, in allogeneic stem cell and SOT transplantation settings [Loeffler et al, ; Cervera et al, , ; Kijpittayarit et al, ; Hoffmann et al, , ; Mezger et al, ; Brown et al, ; de Rooij et al, ; Mitsani et al, ; Kang et al, ; Bravo et al, ; Egli et al, ; Corrales et al, ; Fernández‐Ruiz et al, ; Manuel et al, ]. These SNPs may also have an impact on the dynamics of CMV replication within episodes of active CMV infection [Corrales et al, ].…”