A polymorphism maintained by opposite patterns of parasitism and predation

Losey, John E.; Harmon, Jason P.; Ballantyne, Ford; Brown, Carrie

doi:10.1038/40849

Cited by 217 publications

(217 citation statements)

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“…The colour polymorphism is maintained by frequency-dependent selection imposed by natural predators that preferentially prey upon the red morphs ( Fig. 1) and higher rates of parasitism in the green forms (Losey et al 1997).…”

Section: Animal Behaviour Reproduction and Survivalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carotenoids in nature: insights from plants and beyond

Cazzonelli

2011

Functional Plant Biol.

442

245

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Abstract. Carotenoids are natural isoprenoid pigments that provide leaves, fruits, vegetables and flowers with distinctive yellow, orange and some reddish colours as well as several aromas in plants. Their bright colours serve as attractants for pollination and seed dispersal. Carotenoids comprise a large family of C 40 polyenes and are synthesised by all photosynthetic organisms, aphids, some bacteria and fungi alike. In animals carotenoid derivatives promote health, improve sexual behaviour and are essential for reproduction. As such, carotenoids are commercially important in agriculture, food, health and the cosmetic industries. In plants, carotenoids are essential components required for photosynthesis, photoprotection and the production of carotenoid-derived phytohormones, including ABA and strigolactone. The carotenoid biosynthetic pathway has been extensively studied in a range of organisms providing an almost complete pathway for carotenogenesis. A new wave in carotenoid biology has revealed implications for epigenetic and metabolic feedback control of carotenogenesis. Developmental and environmental signals can regulate carotenoid gene expression thereby affecting carotenoid accumulation. This review highlights mechanisms controlling (1) the first committed step in phytoene biosynthesis, (2) flux through the branch to synthesis of a-and b-carotenes and (3) metabolic feedback signalling within and between the carotenoid, MEP and ABA pathways.

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Section: Animal Behaviour Reproduction and Survivalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carotenoids in nature: insights from plants and beyond

Cazzonelli

2011

Functional Plant Biol.

442

245

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“…The coexistence of the unisexual hybrid females with sexual females of the pure host species can be regarded as a balanced polymorphism, where trade-offs and selective advantages over evolutionary times guarantee that both forms are present in constant proportions (Smith et al 1993;Schlupp et al 1994;Losey et al 1997). Hybrid unisexuals have evolved behavioural adaptations and chemical cues to seduce host males and enforce copulations.…”

Section: Interspecific Hybridization Leading To the Origin Of The Amamentioning

confidence: 99%

The origin and evolution of a unisexual hybrid:Poecilia formosa

Lampert

Schartl

2008

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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Clonal reproduction in vertebrates can always be traced back to hybridization events as all known unisexual vertebrates are hybrids between recognized species or genetically defined races. Interestingly, clonal vertebrates often also rely on interspecific matings for their reproduction because gynogenesis (sperm-dependent parthenogenesis) and hybridogenesis are common modes of propagation. While in most cases these hybridization events leave no hereditary traces in the offspring, occasionally the genome exclusion mechanism fails and either small parts of male genetic material remain inside the oocyte in the form of microchromosomes, or fusion of the sperm nucleus with the oocyte nucleus leads to polyploid individuals. In this review, we highlight the important role of hybridization for the origin and evolution of a unisexual hybrid: the Amazon molly, Poecilia formosa.

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“…These results are similar to those of (Kvicala, 1967), who detected more efficient transmission of pea mosaic virus (PmV) by red morph of pea aphid compared to green morph. red and green morphs of pea aphid have no difference in body size or morphological features, while a variety of behavioral differences have been reported before (lowe and Taylor, 1964;lambers, 1966;losey et al, 1997;braendle and Weisser, 2001). Various transmission rates of CmV isolates by two pea aphid color morphs can be related to different behaviors such as different feeding habits.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…body color is genetically determined, with red being dominant over green (Caillaud and losey, 2010). The color morphs of aphids may vary in growth rate, host range, defensive behavior, susceptibility to natural enemies, and some other aspects (markkula, 1963;Tomanović et al, 1996;losey et al, 1997;braendle and Weisser, 2001;Caillaud and losey, 2010;Tsuchida et al, 2010). many strains of CmV have been described differing in host range, symptoms, and aphid vectors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative transmission of two cucumber mosaic virus isolates by two color morphs of Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris)

Tahmasebi¹,

Dizadji²,

Farhoudi³

et al. 2012

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Summary. -Cucumber mosaic virus (CmV) is one of the most important legume-infecting viruses, which is transmitted effectively by pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum (harris) (hem: Aphididae). Transmission efficiency of two CmV isolates (As and Kh from cowpea and bean hosts, resp.) by red and green color morphs of pea aphid were evaluated on bean plants. Triple-antibody sandwich elisA (TAs-elisA) using CmV-specific monoclonal antibodies revealed that both CmV isolates belonged to the serotype ii. bean plants inoculated by viruliferous aphids were assayed by double-antibody sandwich elisA (DAs-elisA) at 16 days post inoculation (dpi). The results showed that the transmission rate of CmV-As by the red morph was significantly higher than by the green morph, resulting in significantly higher transmission rate of the virus (As + Kh) by the red morph than by the green morph, with p≤ 0.1. similarly, the efficiency of CmV transmission by the red morph of A. pisum was higher than the efficiency of transmission by the green morph. The higher transmission rate and efficiency of CmV by red pea aphid would be important in the epidemiology. based on these results, we hypothesize that the transmission efficiency of CmV is affected more by the difference in transmission determinants of A. pisum color morphs than by the sequence of virus coat protein determinants.Keywords: Aphididae; bromoviridae; color polymorphism; transmission efficiency * Corresponding author. e-mail: adizaji@ut.ac.ir; phone: +98-26-32818705. Abbreviations: CmV = cucumber mosaic virus; CP = coat protein; DAs-elisA = double-antibody sandwich elisA; dpi = days post inoculation; Dsmz = Deutsche sammlung von mikroorganismen und zellkulturen; mAb = monoclonal antibodies; PbsT = phosphate buffer saline-Tween; PmV = pea mosaic virus; PVP = polyvinyl pyrolidone; TAs-elisA = triple-antibody sandwich elisA

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A polymorphism maintained by opposite patterns of parasitism and predation

Cited by 217 publications

References 1 publication

Carotenoids in nature: insights from plants and beyond

Carotenoids in nature: insights from plants and beyond

The origin and evolution of a unisexual hybrid:Poecilia formosa

Comparative transmission of two cucumber mosaic virus isolates by two color morphs of Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris)

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