A population-based case-crossover and case-control study of alcohol and the risk of injury.

Multicentre study of acute alcohol use and non-fatal injuries: data from the WHO collaborative study on alcohol and injuries

“…48 Previous case-crossover reports 1 have reported higher, but not statistically significant, ORs for mo--tor vehicle accidents, falls and "other injuries". Vinson et al 2 have reported higher risks for motor vehicle accidents, falls and injuries caused by being struck by or against objects; 2 their ORs were similar to the results reported here. Recent case-control, 49 ecological 50 and longitudinal 51 studies have also docu--mented these associations.…”

“…Vinson et al 1 showed that consuming 1-3 drinks 6 hours before an injury increased the risk of being injured by 1.7 times (95% CI = 0.8-4.0) when compared with drinking the day before the injury. In a larger study, Vinson et al 2 identified a dose-response relationship between consuming as few as 1-2 alcoholic drinks and risk of injury (OR = 1.8; 95% CI = 1.3-2.6) when the drinking patterns of participants who had had a drink within the 6 hours before the injury were com--pared with their drinking the day before. Other, more traditional, case-control studies in emergency departments have also shown a dose-response relation--ship for the risk of injury.…”

“…19 An inherent difficulty with most research in this area is the fact that for individuals, there is a correlation be--tween chronic and acute drinking. The case-crossover study design is especially useful in disentangling the effect of both types of exposure, 40,41 and Vinson et al 2 and Borges et al 3 have addressed this issue in studies in emergency depart--ments, but their studies had conflicting results. In a case-control analysis, Vinson et al 2 showed that participants who did not have "alcohol use disorders" were at greater risk of being injured when com--pared with participants who had alcohol use disorders, but the reverse relationship was observed in case-crossover analyses.…”

“…[1][2][3][4] These reports, along with others that have sampled patients in the general population, have concluded that alcohol use is associated with driving accidents, 5 violence, 6,7 suicide, 8 and inju--ries such as falls, trips and burns -that is, non-traffic injuries in general. [9][10][11][12][13][14] The unique feature of the case-crossover study is that this method allows the ef--fect of acute alcohol use to be separated from chronic effects of consumption (such as those that occur in people who abuse alcohol or are dependent on it).…”

Adolescent alcohol involvement and suicide attempts: Toward the development of a conceptual framework

“…Moreover, past substance abuse differentiates adolescent ER suicide attempters from non-suicidal ER or medical controls (Garfinkel et al, 1982;Paluszny, Davenport, & Kim, 1991). Although differences in past substance abuse have been documented, some evidence suggests that these groups do not differ in terms of past substance dependence (Gmitrowicz & Kolodziej-Maciejewska, 2002), but alcohol and other substances are important contributors to both unintended injuries (Vinson, Maclure, Reidinger, & Smith, 2003) and a wide range of medical conditions (Weathermon & Crabb, 1999). However, when comparing ER suicide attempters with psychiatric controls, researchers report that substance abuse does not differentiate these groups (Brent et al, 1993;Spirito, Stark, Fristad, Hart, & Owens-Stively, 1987).…”