A population‐based description of glioblastoma multiforme in Los Angeles County, 1974–1999

Abstract

BACKGROUND There have been reports that the incidence rates of brain tumors have increased over the past few decades, but most have considered all brain tumors together. The authors analyzed the pattern of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) occurrence in Los Angeles County, California to shed light on the incidence and descriptive epidemiology of this type of brain tumor. METHODS Data were obtained from the Los Angeles County Cancer Surveillance Program. Incidence rates were analyzed by gender, race, age at diagnosis, period of diagnosis (1974–1981, 1982–1988, or 1989–1999), and socioeconomic status (SES). In addition, data were stratified according to anatomic subsite. A multivariate model describing changes in rates by each of these variables was constructed. RESULTS Age‐specific incidence rates (ASIR) rose sharply after age 30 years. The peak ASIR was at age 70–74 years in males and at age 75–79 years in females. The age‐adjusted incidence rate (AAIR) of GBM increased from 1974 to 1999 by an estimated 2.4% per year among males and 2.8% per year among females. Overall, males had a 60% increased risk of brain tumors compared with females. Males had a higher incidence of GBM compared with females at each anatomic subsite except the posterior fossa. The largest male:female ratio occurred in the occipital lobes. Non‐Latino whites had the highest incidence rates (2.5 per 100,000) followed by Latino whites (1.8 per 100,000), and blacks (1.5 per 100,000). After 1989, compared with the period before magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was available, there was an increase in GBM incidence rates among those with of higher SES that was most pronounced in females. The incidence of GBM was highest for frontal lobe tumors and for tumors that involved two or more lobes (overlapping tumors), followed by tumors in the temporal and parietal lobes. In the multivariate analysis, year of diagnosis, SES, gender, race (Latino but not black), site, and age at diagnosis all were important predictors of incidence rate. CONCLUSIONS GBM incidence increased in Los Angeles County over the last 30 years and especially after 1989, suggesting that the introduction of MRI may have contributed to the increase. Individuals older than age 65 years experienced the greatest increase in incidence over time. Older age, male gender, higher SES, and non‐Latino white race increased the risk of GBM. Previously unreported incidence rates for GBM among Latino whites were significantly lower than among non‐Latino whites but were intermediate between non‐Latino whites and blacks. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.

Changes in Brain Glioma Incidence and Laterality Correlates with Use of Mobile Phones - a Nationwide Population Based Study in Israel

“…Several published works showed that brain tumors are related to Socio-Economical Status (SES) and people of higher SES are at a higher risk for developing brain tumors (Demers, 1991;Navas-Acién et al, 2002;Chakrabarti et al, 2005). Mobile phones penetration in the Israeli society was very rapid and reached 100% of the adult population in 6 years since its introduction to the general public.…”

Glioblastoma in the elderly: the effect of aggressive and modern therapies on survival

“…4,20,21,40,46 As the incidence of GBM has been rising in elderly patients while this population group rapidly expands, it is increasingly important to identify prognostic factors and effective therapeutic strategies for improving survival in elderly patients. 5,18 Current therapy for GBM consists of maximal safe resection followed by radiotherapy (RT) and concomitant temozolomide (TMZ). However, the optimum treatment strategy for elderly patients is unclear because of the available data, which are limited for several reasons.…”

Unmet needs in the treatment of glioblastoma

“…Additionally, the incidence of GBM in older adults has been increasing [4][5][6]. Optimal management of older patients with GBM remains uncertain because their survival tends to be short and they are at greater risk for surgery, radiation treatment and chemotherapy complications owing to their comorbidities.…”