A population-based prospective survey of newborn infants with suspected systemic infection: occurrence of sporadic enterovirus and adenovirus infections

Rosenlew, Marita; Stenvik, Mirja; Roivainen, Merja; Järvenpää, Anna‐Liisa; Hovi, Tapani

doi:10.1016/s1386-6532(98)00012-2

Cited by 21 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…However, the high prevalence was associated with a high readmission rate (19%) for suspected sepsis among these neonates within the first month of life. Another prospective study of neonates (Յ29 days of age) presenting with suspected serious systemic infections found that 3% of the episodes were enterovirus infections, which was equivalent to the 3% of infants in the series who were also diagnosed with a microbiologically confirmed cause of bacterial sepsis (83). Fewer data exist describing the epidemiology of the recently defined HPeVs.…”

Section: Enteroviruses and Parechovirusesmentioning

confidence: 96%

Early-Onset Neonatal Sepsis

et al. 2014

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SUMMARY Early-onset sepsis remains a common and serious problem for neonates, especially preterm infants. Group B streptococcus (GBS) is the most common etiologic agent, while Escherichia coli is the most common cause of mortality. Current efforts toward maternal intrapartum antimicrobial prophylaxis have significantly reduced the rates of GBS disease but have been associated with increased rates of Gram-negative infections, especially among very-low-birth-weight infants. The diagnosis of neonatal sepsis is based on a combination of clinical presentation; the use of nonspecific markers, including C-reactive protein and procalcitonin (where available); blood cultures; and the use of molecular methods, including PCR. Cytokines, including interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin 8 (IL-8), gamma interferon (IFN-γ), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and cell surface antigens, including soluble intercellular adhesion molecule (sICAM) and CD64, are also being increasingly examined for use as nonspecific screening measures for neonatal sepsis. Viruses, in particular enteroviruses, parechoviruses, and herpes simplex virus (HSV), should be considered in the differential diagnosis. Empirical treatment should be based on local patterns of antimicrobial resistance but typically consists of the use of ampicillin and gentamicin, or ampicillin and cefotaxime if meningitis is suspected, until the etiologic agent has been identified. Current research is focused primarily on development of vaccines against GBS.

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Section: Enteroviruses and Parechovirusesmentioning

confidence: 96%

Early-Onset Neonatal Sepsis

et al. 2014

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“…There is no detailed study related to the incidence of such infections in neonatal sepsis -like illnesses in Iran, but it has been reported by different studies to range from 3% to 58% in other countries 4,[8][9][10][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31] . EVs are responsible for 33-65% of acute febrile illnesses and 55-65% of hospitalizations for suspected sepsis in infants during the summer and fall in the USA, and 25% year round 32 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The majority of the infected individuals can self-limit this infection without any specific medication. 2,3,[5][6][7] The incidence of non-polio EVs infections in febrile infants and neonates suspected to sepsis has been reported to range from 3% to 50% 3,[8][9][10][11] . Because of its possible bacterial origin, fever in young infants and neonates demands a complete assessment, including blood and urine culture, lumbar puncture and use of antibiotics.…”

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confidence: 99%

Untitled

2016

IJPSR

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Objective:The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of non-polio enteroviral infections by quantitative and qualitative PCR assays in neonates 3-30 days old with clinical diagnosis of sepsis. Methods:The patients included all the neonates aged 3-30 days admitted with diagnosis of neonatal sepsis. Blood specimens, throat swabs, and in 60 cases CSF specimens were tested for Enteroviruses (EVs), using a quantitative RT-PCR assay. Alternate RT-PCR assays separated polio and non-polio enteroviruses. Demographic data including age, sex, type of feeding and gestational age were obtained. Results: As PCR results revealed, of the 177 neonates with clinical diagnosis of sepsis, one patient (0.55%) was positive for non-polio EVs in all of throat, serum and CSF samples. In 3 patients (1.7%), the results were positive for non-polio EVs in both throat and serum, while in15 (8.45%) others only throat samples were positive. Sex, age and gestational age had no significant relationship with the prevalence of the infections statistically (P>0.05). The prevalence of non-polio EV infections ranged from 6.1% in spring to 15.4% in fall with a significantly increased rate in patients with ill contacts within the family or others (P= 0.05) and inversely related with birth weight (P=0.02). Conclusion: Nonpolio EV infections are an important cause of sepsis -like illnesses in neonates. Real-time PCR can serve as a rapid and specific method for the diagnosis of non-polio EVs in neonates suspected to sepsis.

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“…Neonatal adenovirus infection has rarely been reported, but in most cases the outcome of the infection was fatal (1-3, 12, 14, 16, 21), although cases with and without complications have been reported (19). A fatal disseminated adenovirus infection was described for a neonate born after spontaneous vaginal delivery who suffered from severe keratoconjunctivitis, pneumonitis, pharyngitis, skin lesions, hepatosplenomegaly, and hemorrhagic diathesis (14).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…More recently, nonfatal adenovirus infection has been described for seven neonates (19). All manifested with nonspecific symptoms, such as excessive crying, apnea, cyanotic episodes, maculopapular rash, and fever, but none developed conjunctivitis.…”

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confidence: 99%

Three Nonfatal Cases of Neonatal Adenovirus Infection

Elnifro

Cooper

Dady³

et al. 2005

J Clin Microbiol

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Neonatal adenovirus infection is considered a rare and fatal disease. Three nonfatal neonatal adenovirus infections manifesting as conjunctivitis or conjunctivitis with other nonspecific symptoms are described. Adenovirus DNA was detected by PCR in eye swabs from two patients and in both cerebrospinal fluid and eye swabs in the third patient. CASE REPORTS Case 1. A female neonate (18 days old) presented with a 2-day history of vomiting after feeds, high fever, and irritability. A screen for bacterial sepsis, which included examination of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), was initiated. Intravenous antibiotics were administered but discontinued once negative bacterial culture results for CSF and blood were obtained. At 20 days of age, the patient's symptoms resolved, but residual conjunctivitis was noted. Eye swabs (left and right eye) were taken for Chlamydia trachomatis investigation, and chloramphenicol treatment was commenced. The patient's symptoms settled, and she was discharged from the hospital 3 days after admission.Case 2. A 1.9-kg male was born via vaginal delivery at 35 weeks of gestation. His 17-year-old mother was well during delivery and showed no signs or symptoms of infection prenatally. Examination of the neonate at delivery was entirely normal, but jaundice that was mild and did not require phototherapy developed on day 4. On day 8, the patient developed conjunctivitis and received chloramphenicol. Eye swabs showed only very scanty growth of coliforms.Case 3. A 3-kg female neonate was born at 38 weeks of gestation by Caesarean section. Conjunctivitis was noted on day 5 of life, and a conjunctival swab was investigated for C. trachomatis. At 35 days of age, the baby presented with symp-

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A population-based prospective survey of newborn infants with suspected systemic infection: occurrence of sporadic enterovirus and adenovirus infections

Cited by 21 publications

References 13 publications

Early-Onset Neonatal Sepsis

Early-Onset Neonatal Sepsis

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Three Nonfatal Cases of Neonatal Adenovirus Infection

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