A population-based study of the epidemiology and clinical features of methicillin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> infection in Pennsylvania, 2001–2010

Casey, Joan A.; Cosgrove, Sara E.; Stewart, Walter F.; Pollak, Jonathan; Schwartz, Brian S.

doi:10.1017/s0950268812001872

Cited by 62 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Several risk factors have been reported for MRSA SSTIs, including younger age, exposure to healthcare workers, previous antibiotic use, chronic skin conditions, close contact with a person with MRSA or with a skin condition [5][6][7][8][9]. Additionally, nasal carriage of MRSA has been cited as a risk factor for the development of systemic infections and represents a common reservoir during SSTI outbreaks [10].…”

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confidence: 99%

Risk factors for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus skin and soft-tissue infections in outpatients in Taiwan

et al. 2014

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Information on the risk factors for community-associated skin and soft-tissue infections (SSTIs) due to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Asian populations is scarce. To this end we performed a case-control study of patients treated at two hospital-affiliated outpatient clinics in Taiwan to determine potential risk factors for MRSA SSTIs. S. aureus was isolated from 39 of 100 eligible patients, and 74% were MRSA. Apart from resistance to clindamycin and erythromycin, most MRSA isolates were susceptible to appropriate antimicrobials. The significant risk factors identified by multivariate analysis for MRSA SSTIs were male gender (P = 0·09), nasal carriage of MRSA (P = 0·02), exposure to an individual who had surgery within a year before infection (P = 0·02), and antibiotic treatment for SSTI in the year before infection (P = 0·04). The identification of such factors may assist provision of appropriate treatment to patients with suspected S. aureus SSTIs particularly in Taiwan.

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confidence: 99%

Risk factors for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus skin and soft-tissue infections in outpatients in Taiwan

et al. 2014

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“…Several national and local studies have documented a decrease in the incidence of invasive MRSA infections in the United States (2)(3)(4). However, MRSA is still estimated to cause ϳ80,000 invasive infections and result in 11,000 deaths annually in the United States (5).…”

Section: S Taphylococcus Aureus (Including Methicillin-resistant S Amentioning

confidence: 99%

Oritavancin Activity Tested against Molecularly Characterized Staphylococci and Enterococci Displaying Elevated Linezolid MIC Results

Mendes

Farrell

Sader

et al. 2016

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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Oritavancin (MIC 50/90 , 0.03/0.06 to 0.12 g/ml) had potent activity against linezolid-resistant staphylococci, as well as Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium (oritavancin MIC 50/90 , 0.015/0.12 g/ml against both species). All linezolid-resistant isolates were inhibited by oritavancin at <0.12 g/ml. These results confirmed the absence of cross-resistance between linezolid and oritavancin in staphylococci and enterococci. Staphylococcus aureus (including methicillin-resistant S. aureus [MRSA]), coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS), Enterococcus faecium, and multidrug-resistant (MDR) streptococci are frequently isolated pathogens responsible for various clinical infections (1). Several national and local studies have documented a decrease in the incidence of invasive MRSA infections in the United States (2-4). However, MRSA is still estimated to cause ϳ80,000 invasive infections and result in 11,000 deaths annually in the United States (5). Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) are estimated to cause 20,000 hospital-acquired infections and 1,300 deaths each year (5). Moreover, MRSA and E. faecium are among the defined ESKAPE organisms (E. faecium, S. aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter spp.), which cause the majority of U.S. nosocomial infections and are often refractory to many clinically available agents (6).Linezolid is an anti-Gram-positive agent approved for the treatment of acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections (ABSSSIs) (7), with potent activity against clinical pathogens causing infections worldwide according to large surveillance studies (8, 9). Although uncommon, linezolid resistance does occur, especially after prolonged administration (7, 10), and local investigations have reported occurrences of sporadic outbreaks (11)(12)(13)(14) and dissemination of linezolid-dependent isolates (15,16). Alterations in linezolid binding sites (23S rRNA and L3 and L4 ribosomal proteins) remain the most common mechanisms of oxazolidinone resistance (7). Additionally, transferrable resistance determinants, such as cfr, cfr(B), and optrA, represent newer mechanisms responsible for decreased susceptibility to linezolid (17)(18)(19). This study was conducted to evaluate the in vitro activity of oritavancin, a recently approved lipoglycopeptide for the treatment of ABSSSI (20), against a molecularly characterized collection of isolates displaying elevated linezolid MIC results.A total of 25 S. aureus (linezolid MIC range, 4 to 32 g/ml), 80 CoNS (linezolid MIC range, 4 to Ͼ128 g/ml), and 45 enterococci (linezolid MIC range, 4 to 64 g/ml) were included (see Table S1 in the supplemental material). These isolates were selected based on the presence of linezolid resistance mechanisms, although some staphylococcal isolates showed a linezolid MIC result (4 g/ ml) at the breakpoint for susceptibility (i.e., Յ4 g/ml) (21). Isolates were recovered from a network of medical centers as part of the SENTRY Antimicrobial Surveillance Program and submi...

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“…These children represent the general population in the region. 11,12 The study area included 37 counties in central and northeastern Pennsylvania and consisted of 1288 communities (defined as townships, boroughs, or census tracts in cities 11,13,14 ). Only children whose home address could be geocoded to the street level were included in the analysis.…”

Section: Study Population and Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Of these, 206 395 had at least 1 height and weight measured in the clinical setting, after deleting biologically implausible values. A total of 173 048 children were successfully geocoded as previously reported 13,14 and 163 820 were included in the analysis after exclusion of 2-year-olds because of difficulties in measuring height at this age. Data were obtained on sociodemographics, encounters, vital signs, laboratory tests, procedures, and medications.…”

Section: Data Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Attention Deficit Disorder, Stimulant Use, and Childhood Body Mass Index Trajectory

2014

PEDIATRICS

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WHAT'S KNOWN ON THIS SUBJECT: Childhood attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder has been associated with both childhood and adult obesity, whereas treatment with stimulants has been associated with delayed child growth. No longitudinal studies with details about dates of diagnosis, treatment, and duration of stimulant use have been published. WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS:Using electronic health record data, this was the first study to evaluate the independent associations of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder diagnosis, stimulant treatment, age at first stimulant use, and duration of stimulant use on longitudinal BMI trajectories throughout childhood and adolescence.abstract BACKGROUND: Childhood attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been associated with childhood and adult obesity, and stimulant use with delayed childhood growth, but the independent influences are unclear. No longitudinal studies have examined associations of ADHD diagnosis and stimulant use on BMI trajectories throughout childhood and adolescence. METHODS:We used longitudinal electronic health record data from the Geisinger Health System on 163 820 children ages 3 to 18 years in Pennsylvania. Random effects linear regression models were used to model BMI trajectories with increasing age in relation to ADHD diagnosis, age at first stimulant use, and stimulant use duration, while controlling for confounding variables.RESULTS: Mean (SD) age at first BMI was 8.9 (5.0) years, and children provided a mean (SD) of 3.2 (2.4) annual BMI measurements. On average, BMI trajectories showed a curvilinear relation with age. There were consistent associations of unmedicated ADHD with higher BMIs during childhood compared with those without ADHD or stimulants. Younger age at first stimulant use and longer duration of stimulant use were each associated with slower BMI growth earlier in childhood but a more rapid rebound to higher BMIs in late adolescence. CONCLUSIONS:The study provides the first longitudinal evidence that ADHD during childhood not treated with stimulants was associated with higher childhood BMIs. In contrast, ADHD treated with stimulants was associated with slower early BMI growth but a rebound later in adolescence to levels above children without a history of ADHD or stimulant use. The findings have important clinical and neurobiological implications. Pediatrics 2014;133:668-676

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A population-based study of the epidemiology and clinical features of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection in Pennsylvania, 2001–2010

Cited by 62 publications

References 40 publications

Risk factors for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus skin and soft-tissue infections in outpatients in Taiwan

Risk factors for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus skin and soft-tissue infections in outpatients in Taiwan

Oritavancin Activity Tested against Molecularly Characterized Staphylococci and Enterococci Displaying Elevated Linezolid MIC Results

Attention Deficit Disorder, Stimulant Use, and Childhood Body Mass Index Trajectory

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