A Population Based Study on Hepatitis B Virus in Northern Iran, Amol

Keyvani, Hossein; Sohrabi, Masoudreza; Zamani, Farhad; Ashrafi, Hossein; Saeedian, Fatemeh Sima; Mooadi, Mansooreh; Motamed, Nima; Ajdarkosh, Hossein; Khonsari, Mahmoodreza; Hemmasi, Gholamreza; Ameli, Mitra; Kabir, Ali; Khodadost, Mahmoud

doi:10.5812/hepatmon.20540

Cited by 18 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 18 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Globally, more than 300 million of people are chronically infected with HBV, and approximately 1.2 million people die each year from chronic HBV infection, liver cirrhosis, and liver cancer (10,11,18). Hepatitis B is found worldwide, but it is particularly prevalent in Asia, the Middle East, and Africa (7,12,14).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Risk Factors on Anti-HBs Development in Hepatitis B Vaccinated and Nonvaccinated Populations

et al. 2015

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Hepatitis B infection is still a major global health problem even though safe and effective vaccines have been available for more than 30 years. Although development of protective antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen (anti-HBs) is a common phenomenon after vaccination as well as natural infection, sometimes it does not appear even after complete vaccination. In the present study, whether the impairment of the development of anti-HBs in naturally infected and/or vaccinated populations is associated with immunomodulating risk factors (i.e., age, gender, smoking, and diabetes) and/or other risk factors (i.e., socioeconomic status, dental, and saloon exposure) was investigated through a cross-sectional study. Among 204 nonvaccinated patients, 132 (64.7%) tested positive for anti-HBc, indicating that they had been exposed to hepatitis B virus (HBV) at least once in their lifetime. Exposure to HBV (anti-HBc positive) was significantly higher among low-income people, dental exposed, and saloon users. Among anti-HBc positive patients, only 44 (33.3%) developed natural immunity with anti-HBs. Impairment in anti-HBs formation was found to be significantly high among cigarette smokers. However, no significant association of anti-HBs development was observed with age, gender, socioeconomic status, diabetes, dental exposure, and using saloon. Consistently, the frequency of developing protective anti-HBs (≥10 IU/L) among a vaccinated population was almost nine times less among smokers. These data suggest that anti-HBs development, either naturally or after vaccination, is significantly lower among smokers. It emphasizes the need to check the anti-HBs status in smokers after vaccination, and a booster vaccination should be administered if the anti-HBs antibody titer decreases below the protective level.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Risk Factors on Anti-HBs Development in Hepatitis B Vaccinated and Nonvaccinated Populations

et al. 2015

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…There was no estimate of the national prevalence of HBV exposure, defined as positive HBV core antibody (antiHBc Ab), in Iran although several studies reported the prevalence at a city or province level (2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10). The prevalence of HBV infection, defined as positive HBV surface antigen (HBs Ag) in Iran was estimated as 1.7% in 1991 and 1999 (11), and 2.1% during 2001 -06 (12).…”

Section: Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thirteen studies from 12 provinces were included (2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(17)(18)(19)(20). In 12 studies (Table 2).…”

Section: Study Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimating the Prevalence of Hepatitis B Virus Infection and Exposure Among General Population in Iran

Hajarizadeh

Mesgarpour²,

Nasiri

et al. 2017

Hepat Mon

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Context: Accurate and updated data describing hepatitis B virus (HBV) epidemiology is crucial for development of national policies to control HBV infection in each country. This study was conducted to estimate the prevalence of HBV infection and exposure in Iran, using the available provincial data. Methods: MEDLINE, Web of Science, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Scientific Information Database were searched for studies assessing the prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBs Ag) or hepatitis B core antibody (anti-HBc Ab) among the general population between 2006 and 2016 in at least one city of Iran. National prevalence was estimated by two methods. Method 1 used only prevalence estimates of provinces with available survey data. In method 2, all provinces were classified based on the risk of HBV infection among blood donors. HBV prevalence in provinces with missing data was extrapolated from the provinces with available data, and with comparable risk of HBV infection among blood donors. In both methods, national prevalence was estimated using pooled provincial prevalence estimates, weighted by the province population size. Results: Thirteen studies from 12 provinces were included. The prevalence of HBs Ag and anti-HBc Ab varied markedly across provinces. Provincial HBs Ag prevalence ranged from 0.76% to 5.10% (I-square = 91.7%) and provincial anti-HBc Ab prevalence ranged from 4.17% to 36.90% (I-square = 99.3%). Using method 1, the national prevalence of HBs Ag and anti-HBc Ab was estimated as 1.84% (95%CI: 1.61%, 2.09%), and 13.59% (95%CI: 12.92%, 14.29%), respectively. Using method 2, the national prevalence of HBs Ag was estimated as 1.79% (95% uncertainty range: 1.67%, 1.91%), equating to 1,347,000 (1,253,000 -1,434,000) individuals living with chronic HBV infection in Iran. The prevalence of HBs Ag and anti-HBc Ab was higher among men compared to women. Conclusions: HBV prevalence in Iran is low, and has decreased over past decades. However, the risk of HBV infection varies across provinces with some provinces having high HBV prevalence. More detailed data of the HBV epidemiology and transmission in provinces where HBV infection is endemic could support designing the appropriate interventions to control HBV epidemics.

show abstract

“…Most of the patients were men, with a high probability of belonging to the men who have sex with men (MSM) category or men for whom the likely route of transmission was not established (29). Iranian studies indicated a significant correlation between positive HBsAg and family history of hepatitis, as well as the countryside being a place of residence as another independent risk factor (30). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trends in the Incidence Rates of Chronic Hepatitis B in Poland in the Years 2005 - 2013

Stawińska-Witoszyńska

Zysnarska

Krzywińska-Wiewiórowska

et al. 2016

Hepat Mon

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundThe prevalence of newly-diagnosed cases of chronic hepatitis is decisive for the overall incidence rate of hepatitis B observed in Poland.ObjectivesWe aimed to determine the chronic hepatitis B incidence trends in Poland, taking into consideration the ages, genders, and environments of the patients.MethodsThe study is based on aggregated data from Polish descriptive epidemiological studies for the period of 2005 to 2013 (i.e., hepatitis B incidence numbers and ratios, including mixed HBV and HCV infections) as published in the annual bulletins Choroby zakazne i zatrucia w Polsce (Infectious diseases and poisonings in Poland] drawn up by the laboratory for the monitoring and analysis of epidemiological status of the department of epidemiology at the national institute of public health - national institute of hygiene (NIPH-NIH). Poland, a central European country situated in the humid continental climate zone, is classified as a highly developed country. In the analyzed period, the Polish population consisted of about 38 million people, more than 19 million of whom were women, and more than 18 million of whom were men. Among European countries, Poland has the smallest number of national and ethnic minorities. For the purposes of epidemiological supervision, a special definition of acute hepatitis B was adopted in Poland in 2005, which facilitated separate registration of acute and chronic cases.ResultsA significantly increasing chronic hepatitis B incidence trend was observed in the population of Poland, with considerable increases in incidence rates for both men and women alike. The incidence rates for inhabitants of both urban and rural areas also showed an increasing tendency. Chronic hepatitis B occurred more frequently in men and in urban areas. For each of the five-year age groups encompassing patients between 20 and 54 years of age, the increase in the incidence rate proved to be significant.ConclusionsThe registered increase in the incidence rate of chronic hepatitis B in Poland is a consequence of the new registration of cases of chronic hepatitis B acquired in the past. The problem of chronic hepatitis B can be solved by improving epidemiological supervision, enhancing the detection of frequently asymptomatic infections, and by providing easier access to optimized therapies.

show abstract

A Population Based Study on Hepatitis B Virus in Northern Iran, Amol

Cited by 18 publications

References 18 publications

Effects of Risk Factors on Anti-HBs Development in Hepatitis B Vaccinated and Nonvaccinated Populations

Effects of Risk Factors on Anti-HBs Development in Hepatitis B Vaccinated and Nonvaccinated Populations

Estimating the Prevalence of Hepatitis B Virus Infection and Exposure Among General Population in Iran

Trends in the Incidence Rates of Chronic Hepatitis B in Poland in the Years 2005 - 2013

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About