A porosity-related diffusion model of weathering-rind development

Oguchi, Chiaki T.

doi:10.1016/j.catena.2003.12.002

Cited by 35 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…This clearly suggests an advance of this rock glacier in the Younger Dryas. The calculation coincides with those of [70] who suggested that permafrost had been present in areas above c. 1950 m asl in slopes exposed to north, above 2200 m asl in easterly exposed areas, above 2450 m asl on south- 10 Be date (yrs) (Corrected for erosion and snow) ** 12720 ± 860 12020 ± 1560 *Production rate corrected for shielding (atoms g -1 yr -1 ). ** Estimated total error including measurement error and the effects of altitude, latitude scaling, topography, depth.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

“…5 10 -12 nominal) with a 10 Be half-life of 1.51 Ma. The surface exposure ages were calculated using a sea-level high-latitude production rate of 5.1 ± 0.3 10 Be atoms/g SiO 2 /year with a 2.2 % production due to muon capture [52]. Production-rate scaling for latitude (geographic) and altitude was based on [52] and corrected for sample thickness assuming an exponential depth profile, a rock density of 2.65 g cm -3 and an effective radiation attenuation length of 155 g/cm 2 [48].…”

Section: Cosmogenic Datingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Usually, the older the surface of rock debris the more pronounced is the imprint of weathering. Relative and numeric age dating by measuring the weathering rind thickness or the Schmidt-hammer rebound value was successfully performed on moraines and rock glaciers developed on sandstones in New Zealand [4][5][6][7][8], basaltic and andesitic boulders in North America and Japan [9,10] and on granites and gneiss in the Alps [2,11]. Weathering rinds have also a certain potential for numeric dating using isotopes [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Combination of Relative-Numerical Dating Methods Indicates Two High Alpine Rock Glacier Activity Phases After the Glacier Advance of the Younger Dryas

Böhlert

Compeer

Egli

et al. 2011

TOGEOGJ

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To exploit the potential of rock glaciers as indicators of past climate condition it is first necessary to date them. The combined application of both relative and absolute dating techniques is a promising approach. In this study, we present Schmidt-hammer rebound value measurements and weathering rind thicknesses on four active and one relict rock glacier in the Albula area of the eastern Swiss Alps. Associated landforms such as the moraines in front of rock glaciers and glacially polished bedrock also were used to set up the temporal framework. This was done using soil chemical analyses, radiocarbon dating of the stable fraction of soil organic matter and surface exposure dating of boulders. Schmidt-hammer and weathering rind measurements showed, in most cases, well-pronounced trends with increasing surface ages. These values are in line with measurements from other nearby rock glaciers with comparable lithologies. Use of this information together with the numeric ages makes it possible to derive two main activity phases: one started soon after the ice retreat following the Younger Dryas, the main activity occurred most likely in the early Holocene and lasted approximately until the Holocene climate optimum. The second activity phase continues today and had an unclear start between 10 to 6 cal ky BP. Abstract: To exploit the potential of rock glaciers as indicators of past climate condition it is first necessary to date them. The combined application of both relative and absolute dating techniques is a promising approach. In this study, we present Schmidt-hammer rebound value measurements and weathering rind thicknesses on four active and one relict rock glacier in the Albula area of the eastern Swiss Alps. Associated landforms such as the moraines in front of rock glaciers and glacially polished bedrock also were used to set up the temporal framework. This was done using soil chemical analyses, radiocarbon dating of the stable fraction of soil organic matter and surface exposure dating of boulders. Schmidt-hammer and weathering rind measurements showed, in most cases, well-pronounced trends with increasing surface ages. These values are in line with measurements from other nearby rock glaciers with comparable lithologies. Use of this information together with the numeric ages makes it possible to derive two main activity phases: one started soon after the ice retreat following the Younger Dryas, the main activity occurred most likely in the early Holocene and lasted approximately until the Holocene climate optimum. The second activity phase continues today and had an unclear start between 10 to 6 cal ky BP.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Section: Cosmogenic Datingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Combination of Relative-Numerical Dating Methods Indicates Two High Alpine Rock Glacier Activity Phases After the Glacier Advance of the Younger Dryas

Böhlert

Compeer

Egli

et al. 2011

TOGEOGJ

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show abstract

“…Since the 1980s the method has also been successfully used for relative age dating of gemorphologic features such as moraines [14,29,30], rock glaciers ( [2,31] or rockfall deposits [32]. Recent publications increasingly discuss the possibilities and limitations to calibrate R-values, for instance with results from 10 Be and 14 C-analyses [33,34] or optically stimulated luminescence and photogrammetrical measurements [2,17].…”

Section: Schmidt-hammer Rebound Valuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Usually, the older the surface of rock debris the more pronounced is the imprint of weathering. Relative and numeric age dating by measuring the weathering rind thickness or the Schmidthammer rebound value was successfully performed on moraines and rock glaciers developed on sandstones in New Zealand [4][5][6][7][8], basaltic and andesitic boulders in North America and Japan [9,10] and on granites and gneiss in the Alps [2,11]. Weathering rinds have also a certain potential for numeric dating using isotopes [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling the Impact of Canopy Structure on the Spatial Variability of Net Forest Precipitation and Interception Loss in Scots Pine Stands

Ahrends

Penne²

2010

TOGEOGJ

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Abstract:To exploit the potential of rock glaciers as indicators of past climate condition it is first necessary to date them. The combined application of both relative and absolute dating techniques is a promising approach. In this study, we present Schmidt-hammer rebound value measurements and weathering rind thicknesses on four active and one relict rock glacier in the Albula area of the eastern Swiss Alps. Associated landforms such as the moraines in front of rock glaciers and glacially polished bedrock also were used to set up the temporal framework. This was done using soil chemical analyses, radiocarbon dating of the stable fraction of soil organic matter and surface exposure dating of boulders. Schmidt-hammer and weathering rind measurements showed, in most cases, well-pronounced trends with increasing surface ages. These values are in line with measurements from other nearby rock glaciers with comparable lithologies. Use of this information together with the numeric ages makes it possible to derive two main activity phases: one started soon after the ice retreat following the Younger Dryas, the main activity occurred most likely in the early Holocene and lasted approximately until the Holocene climate optimum. The second activity phase continues today and had an unclear start between 10 to 6 cal ky BP.

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Acidic weathering of basalt and basaltic glass: 1. Near‐infrared spectra, thermal infrared spectra, and implications for Mars

et al. 2017

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Acid‐leached rinds and coatings occur in volcanic environments on Earth and have been identified using orbital spectroscopy on Mars, but their development is poorly understood. We simulated long‐term open‐system acidic weathering in a laboratory by repeatedly rinsing and submerging crystalline and glassy basalts in pH ~ 1 and pH ~ 3 acidic solutions for 213 days and compared their visible/near‐infrared (0.3–2.5 µm) and thermal infrared (5–50 µm) spectral characteristics to their microscopic physical and chemical properties from scanning electron microscopy (SEM). We find that while alteration at moderately low pH (~3) can produce mineral precipitates from solution, it has very little spectral or physical effect on the underlying parent material. In contrast, alteration at very low pH (~1) results in clear silica spectral signatures for all crystalline samples while glasses exhibit strong blue concave‐up near‐infrared slopes. SEM indicates that these spectral differences correspond to different modes of alteration. In glass, alteration occurs only at the surface and produces a silica‐enriched leached rind, while in more crystalline samples, alteration penetrates the interior to cause dissolution and replacement by silica. We confirm that glass is more stable than crystalline basalt under long‐term acidic leaching, suggesting that glass could be enriched and common in terrains on Mars that have been exposed to acidic weathering. Leached glasses are consistent with both OMEGA and Thermal Emission Spectrometer (TES) spectra of the Martian northern lowlands and may contribute to the high‐silica phases detected globally in TES Surface Type 2. Thus, both glass‐rich deposits and acidic weathering may have been widespread on Mars.

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A porosity-related diffusion model of weathering-rind development

Cited by 35 publications

References 21 publications

A Combination of Relative-Numerical Dating Methods Indicates Two High Alpine Rock Glacier Activity Phases After the Glacier Advance of the Younger Dryas

A Combination of Relative-Numerical Dating Methods Indicates Two High Alpine Rock Glacier Activity Phases After the Glacier Advance of the Younger Dryas

Modeling the Impact of Canopy Structure on the Spatial Variability of Net Forest Precipitation and Interception Loss in Scots Pine Stands

Acidic weathering of basalt and basaltic glass: 1. Near‐infrared spectra, thermal infrared spectra, and implications for Mars

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