A Porous and Interconnected Polypyrrole Film with High Conductivity and Ion Accessibility as Electrode for Flexible All‐Solid‐State Supercapacitors

Abstract

Nanoporous electrodes with high electrical conductivity and good mechanical properties are attractive for high-performance flexible supercapacitors. In this work, we report a flexible polypyrrole (PPy) film electrode synthesized by a modified versatile vapor-phase polymerization (VPP) strategy. Differing from conventional VPP protocols that are likely to form smooth polymer films, it could easily engineer the PPy film with porous and interconnected structure by simply optimizing the concentration of oxidant and the polymerization time. The film electrode showed an exceptionally high electrical conductivity up to 94 S cm À 1 . The unique porous PPy films constructed by interconnected electronic/ionic conductive networks achieved a specific capacitance of 494 F g À 1 (corresponding to 836 mF cm À 2 ) at a current density of 1 A g À 1 . The fabricated all-solid-state supercapacitor device with the PPy electrodes exhibited a specific capacitance of 300 F g À 1 at 1 A g À 1 and a high energy density of 26.67 kW kg À 1 . The high electrochemical performance and outstanding mechanical properties present the film electrode promising potential for flexible energy devices in various applications.

Fabrication of Polypyrrole Hollow Nanospheres by Hard-Template Method for Supercapacitor Electrode Material

“…This decrease can be attributed to the significant rise in both the large internal resistance and the ion diffusion resistance of the electrode material, stemming from the increased load of the active material. DMF PS@PPy20 shows higher energy density and power density than other recently reported PPy or PPy-based composites, which makes them competitive electrode materials for supercapacitors (Figure 7d) [51][52][53][54][55][56][57].…”

Impact of Metal Salt Oxidants and Preparation Technology on Efficacy of Bacterial Cellulose/Polypyrrole Flexible Conductive Fiber Membranes

“…As shown in Figure 4 , the BC/PPy-Ag, BC/PPy-Fe, BC/PPy-blending-Fe and BC/PPy-blending-Ag composites exhibited similar Raman bands. The main peak at 1582 cm −1 had some correlation with the C=C skeleton stretching, and the absorption peaks located at 1388 cm −1 and 1336 cm −1 [ 29 ] were thought to originate from the stretching vibration of the pyrrole ring [ 30 ]. The absorption peak at 1254 cm −1 was thought to belong to the in-plane deformation of -N-H-, with 1054 cm −1 and 940 cm −1 corresponding to the in-plane and out-of-plane deformations of -C-H-, respectively, and 968 cm −1 corresponding to the stretching mode of the -C-H-ring [ 31 ].…”

“…Materials 2024, 17, x FOR PEER REVIEW 9 of 14 As shown in Figure 4, the BC/PPy-Ag, BC/PPy-Fe, BC/PPy-blending-Fe and BC/PPyblending-Ag composites exhibited similar Raman bands. The main peak at 1582 cm −1 had some correlation with the C=C skeleton stretching, and the absorption peaks located at 1388 cm −1 and 1336 cm −1 [29] were thought to originate from the stretching vibration of the pyrrole ring [30]. The absorption peak at 1254 cm −1 was thought to belong to the in-plane As shown in Figure 4, the BC/PPy-Ag, BC/PPy-Fe, BC/PPy-blending-Fe and BC/PPyblending-Ag composites exhibited similar Raman bands.…”

Highly flexible reduced graphene oxide@polypyrrole–polyethylene glycol foam for supercapacitors

“…1 Recent research has focussed on developing exible, 2 wearable 3,4 and stretchable solid-state SCs. 5,6 Polypyrrole (PPy), a conjugated and conductive polymer, is highly conductive, simple and cheap to fabricate, and environmentally friendly, a unique combination of properties which has led to it being widely investigated for broad applications including sensors, 7 supercapacitors, 8 and actuators. 9 However, disadvantages such as the brittle nature of conventional PPy lms have limited its application to exible electronics.…”