“…Inadequate facilities in educational institutions (Ekin et al, 2021), the disproportionate number of available tools and students (Ong & Ling, 2020;Oteri, 2020;Trabelsi & Saleous, 2019) force students to practice activities in groups (Berman et al, 2021), and the high price of tools or machines that meet industrial standards (Fukumoto et al, 2021) becomes a burden for schools. Sometimes the commercial equipment available on the market is unsuitable for educational purposes (Dias et al, 2020). Strategies for fulfilling laboratory/ workshop facilities, including optimizing their use by teachers in learning, have become alternative solutions to improve the quality of learning (Sajidan et al, 2018).…”