A Positron Emission Tomography Study of Binaurally and Dichotically Presented Stimuli: Effects of Level of Language and Directed Attention

O'Leary, Daniel S.; Andreasen, Nancy C.; Hurtig, Richard R.; Hichwa, Richard D.; Watkins, G. Leonard; Ponto, Laura L. Boles; Rogers, Margaret; Kirchner, Peter T.

doi:10.1006/brln.1996.0034

Cited by 118 publications

(74 citation statements)

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“…Much of this activation has been attributed to processing of the auditory signal because similar patterns of activation have been shown for nonwords and nonspeech stimuli (O'Leary et al, 1996;Wise et al, 1991). Nevertheless, when speech and nonspeech tasks are directly compared, several studies have shown left superior temporal activation that may be due to semantic processing and/or increased attentional demands in the processing of complex speech stimuli (Grady et al, 1997;Howard et al, 1992;O'Leary et al, 1996;Pugh et al, 1996;Small et al, 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…During auditory presentation of words compared to rest, regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) analyses of normal subjects using positron emission tomography (PET) have generally shown activity in the bilateral posterior superior and middle temporal gyri (Démonet et al, 1992;Petersen et al, 1988Petersen et al, , 1989Price et al, 1996;Wise et al, 1991). Much of this activation has been attributed to processing of the auditory signal because similar patterns of activation have been shown for nonwords and nonspeech stimuli (O'Leary et al, 1996;Wise et al, 1991). Nevertheless, when speech and nonspeech tasks are directly compared, several studies have shown left superior temporal activation that may be due to semantic processing and/or increased attentional demands in the processing of complex speech stimuli (Grady et al, 1997;Howard et al, 1992;O'Leary et al, 1996;Pugh et al, 1996;Small et al, 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

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The Anatomy of Auditory Word Processing: Individual Variability

2001

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This study used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to investigate the neural substrate underlying the processing of single words, comparing activation patterns across subjects and within individuals. In a word repetition task, subjects repeated single words aloud with instructions not to move their jaws. In a control condition involving reverse speech, subjects heard a digitally reversed speech token and said aloud the word ''crime.'' The averaged fMRI results showed activation in the left posterior temporal and inferior frontal regions and in the supplementary motor area, similar to previous PET studies. However, the individual subject data revealed variability in the location of the temporal and frontal activation. Although these results support previous imaging studies, demonstrating an averaged localization of auditory word processing in the posterior superior temporal gyrus (STG), they are more consistent with traditional neuropsychological data, which suggest both a typical posterior STG localization and substantial individual variability. By using careful head restraint and movement analysis and correction methods, the present study further demonstrates the feasibility of using overt articulation in fMRI experiments.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

The Anatomy of Auditory Word Processing: Individual Variability

2001

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“…Animal studies demonstrated that lateral areas of the temporal convexities were involved in temporal pattern analysis (Dewson et al, 1970;Cowey and Weiskrantz, 1976) and recognition of intraspecies cries in non-human primates (Rauschecker et al, 1995). Human studies showed that lateral superior temporal regions were activated in the processing of speech sounds (Rauschecker et al, , 1998 and environmental noises (Engelien et al, 1995;O'Leary et al, 1996). Parahippocampal gyrus has been recognized as a central component of a neural network engaged during auditory discrimination (Kikuchi et al, 1997).…”

Section: Regions Selectively Activated By Sound Recognitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distinct Pathways Involved in Sound Recognition and Localization: A Human fMRI Study

Maeder¹,

Meuli²,

Adriani³

et al. 2001

NeuroImage

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Evidence from psychophysical studies in normal and brain-damaged subjects suggests that auditory information relevant to recognition and localization are processed by distinct neuronal populations. We report here on anatomical segregation of these populations. Brain activation associated with performance in sound identification and localization was investigated in 18 normal subjects using fMRI. Three conditions were used: (i) comparison of spatial stimuli simulated with interaural time differences; (ii) identification of environmental sounds; and (iii) rest. Conditions (i) and (ii) required acknowledgment of predefined targets by pressing a button. After coregistering, images were normalized and smoothed. Activation patterns were analyzed using SPM99 for individual subjects and for the whole group. Sound recognition and localization activated, as compared to rest, inferior colliculus, medial geniculate body, Heschl gyrus, and parts of the temporal, parietal, and frontal convexity bilaterally. The activation pattern on the fronto-temporo-parietal convexity differed in the two conditions. Middle temporal gyrus and precuneus bilaterally and the posterior part of left inferior frontal gyrus were more activated by recognition than by localization. Lower part of inferior parietal lobule and posterior parts of middle and inferior frontal gyri were more activated, bilaterally, by localization than by recognition. Regions selectively activated by sound recognition, but not those selectively activated by localization, were significantly larger in women. Passive listening paradigm revealed segregated pathways on superior temporal gyrus and inferior parietal lobule. Thus, anatomically distinct networks are involved in sound recognition and sound localization.

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“…However, consistent results have not been obtained as to whether auditory attention modulates responses in the auditory cortex. Some studies have reported attentionrelated enhancement of responses to speech and nonspeech stimuli in the auditory cortex (Woldorff et al, 1993;O'Leary et al, 1996;Fujiwara et al, 1998;Jä ncke et al, 1999;Alho et al, 1999). Moreover, there is a claim that this enhancement is more prominent in higher auditory areas than that in the primary auditory area (A1); attention-related modulation of activity occurs mainly in Brodmann's area (BA) 42 or 22 (Grady et al, 1997), and further, BA 22 is more susceptible to auditory selective attention than BA 42 (Pugh et al, 1996).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional Differentiation in the Human Auditory and Language Areas Revealed by a Dichotic Listening Task

et al. 2000

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The human auditory cortex plays a special role in speech recognition. It is therefore necessary to clarify the functional roles of individual auditory areas. We applied functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to examine cortical responses to speech sounds, which were presented under the dichotic and diotic (binaural) listening conditions. We found two different response patterns in multiple auditory areas and language-related areas. In the auditory cortex, the medial portion of the secondary auditory area (A2), as well as a part of the planum temporale (PT) and the superior temporal gyrus and sulcus (ST), showed greater responses under the dichotic condition than under the diotic condition. This dichotic selectivity may reflect acoustic differences and attention-related factors such as spatial attention and selective attention to targets. In contrast, other parts of the auditory cortex showed comparable responses to the dichotic and diotic conditions. We found similar functional differentiation in the inferior frontal (IF) cortex. These results suggest that multiple auditory and language areas may play a pivotal role in integrating the functional differentiation for speech recognition.

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A Positron Emission Tomography Study of Binaurally and Dichotically Presented Stimuli: Effects of Level of Language and Directed Attention

Cited by 118 publications

References 0 publications

The Anatomy of Auditory Word Processing: Individual Variability

The Anatomy of Auditory Word Processing: Individual Variability

Distinct Pathways Involved in Sound Recognition and Localization: A Human fMRI Study

Functional Differentiation in the Human Auditory and Language Areas Revealed by a Dichotic Listening Task

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