A Possible Mechanism of Control of Rice Blast Disease by a Novel Alkoxyiminoacetamide Fungicide, SSF126

Mizutani, Akira; Miki, Nobuo; Yukioka, Hidekazu; Tamura, Hiroto; Masuko, Michio

doi:10.1094/phyto-86-295

Cited by 58 publications

(38 citation statements)

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“…This evidence is coincident with the information that HRLs were generated in response to avirulent fungi and bacteria such as C. fulvum, P. parasitica, and P. syringae pv glicinea in ET-insensitive mutants or transgenic plants with modified ET receptors (Brading, 1997;Van Loon et al, 2006). The contribution of cyanide for blast fungus protection was also suggested by the studies using an effective fungicide metominostrobin (SSF126) in rice plants (Mizutani et al, 1996). The agrochemical is a derivative of strobilurin A, which covers a wide range of antifungal spectra.…”

Section: Role Of Et Biosynthesis In the Resistance Responsesupporting

confidence: 70%

“…However, 20 min after the treatment, the mycelia again began to respire, inducing cyanide-resistant respiration, which is sensitive to salicyl hydroxamic acid (Mizutani et al, 1995). On the other hand, cyanideresistant respiration of the fungus was inhibited by flavonoid compounds such as flavone, flavanone, and naringenin, which widely exist in the plant kingdom, proposing the following mechanism that the inhibition of cyanide-sensitive respiration by SSF-126 and inhibition of cyanide-resistant respiration by flavonoids cooperatively suppress fungal growth (Mizutani et al, 1996). Actually, blast fungus-induced accumulation of a flavanone phytoalexin, sakuranetin, was detected at 40 hpi, and the level was increased thereafter only in resistant rice plants (Kodama et al, 1992).…”

Section: Role Of Et Biosynthesis In the Resistance Responsementioning

confidence: 99%

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Contribution of Ethylene Biosynthesis for Resistance to Blast Fungus Infection in Young Rice Plants

et al. 2006

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The role of ethylene (ET) in resistance to infection with blast fungus (Magnaporthe grisea) in rice (Oryza sativa) is poorly understood. To study it, we quantified ET levels after inoculation, using young rice plants at the four-leaf stage of rice cv Nipponbare (wild type) and its isogenic plant (IL7), which contains the Pi-i resistance gene to blast fungus race 003. Small necrotic lesions by hypersensitive reaction (HR) were formed at 42 to 72 h postinoculation (hpi) in resistant IL7 leaves, and whitish expanding lesions at 96 hpi in susceptible wild-type leaves. Notable was the enhanced ET emission at 48 hpi accompanied by increased 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) levels and highly elevated ACC oxidase (ACO) activity in IL7 leaves, whereas only an enhanced ACC increase at 96 hpi in wild-type leaves. Among six ACC synthase (ACS) and seven ACO genes found in the rice genome, OsACS2 was transiently expressed at 48 hpi in IL7 and at 96 hpi in wild type, and OsACO7 was expressed at 48 hpi in IL7. Treatment with an inhibitor for ACS, aminooxyacetic acid, suppressed enhanced ET emission at 48 hpi in IL7, resulting in expanding lesions instead of HR lesions. Exogenously supplied ACC compromised the aminooxyacetic acid-induced breakdown of resistance in IL7, and treatment with 1-methylcyclopropene and silver thiosulfate, inhibitors of ET action, did not suppress resistance. These findings suggest the importance of ET biosynthesis and, consequently, the coproduct, cyanide, for HR-accompanied resistance to blast fungus in young rice plants and the contribution of induced OsACS2 and OsACO7 gene expression to it.In monocot plants, the mechanism of disease resistance, including the roles of defense signal compounds for resistance (R)-gene-mediated resistance, such as salicylic acid (SA), ethylene (ET), and jasmonic acid (JA), has not been well elucidated. To study the mechanism, the Japonica rice (Oryza sativa) cv Nipponbare is an attractive model because of recent developments in genomic and molecular information, such as the Rice Genome Research Program (http//rgp.dna.affrc.go.jp; International Rice Genome Sequencing Project, 2005). Rice blast fungus (Magnaporthe grisea) is an extensively studied pathogen whose infection seriously affects rice yields worldwide. Genetic studies have identified 13 major R genes to blast fungi in rice plants, and standard rice cultivars with individual R genes and corresponding standard blast fungal races have been prepared to identify the race of blast fungus and R genes in a rice cultivar (Yamada et al., 1976;Kiyosawa, 1984). In Japan, attempts have been made to generate individual isogenic lines that contain a specific R gene with the same genetic background as practical rice cultivars, such as cv Nipponbare (Ise and Horisue, 1988). Actually, multilines containing compatible and incompatible lines were reported to be effective for disease control in the field (Browning and Frey, 1969) and, to our knowledge, there is no information to date on the breakdown of disease resistanc...

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Section: Role Of Et Biosynthesis In the Resistance Responsesupporting

confidence: 70%

Section: Role Of Et Biosynthesis In the Resistance Responsementioning

confidence: 99%

Contribution of Ethylene Biosynthesis for Resistance to Blast Fungus Infection in Young Rice Plants

et al. 2006

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“…The agrochemical is similar in mode of action to cyanide, inhibiting the mitochondrial oxidative respiration chain of blast fungus, and functions cooperatively with flavonoids to suppress the growth of the fungus (Mizutani et al, 1996). This chemical is also used to prevent rice sheath blight caused by Rhizoctonia solani (Ichiba et al, 2000) and rice brown spot disease by Cochliobolus miyabeanus.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Then, effect of cyanide may be enhanced by natural accessory compounds instead of SHAM to repress cyanide-resistant respiration in plants. As potential accessory compounds, flavonoids, which are possible inhibitors for cyanide-resistant respiration of blast fungus (Mizutani et al, 1996), are found ubiquitously in the plant kingdom. When the effect of flavone was analyzed as a model flavonoid at first, the growth of blast fungus in vitro was inhibited in a concentration-dependent manner, and the inhibition was enhanced in the presence of KCN (Fig.…”

Section: Flavonoids and Cyanide Cooperatively Inhibit Fungal Growth Imentioning

confidence: 99%

Cyanide, a Coproduct of Plant Hormone Ethylene Biosynthesis, Contributes to the Resistance of Rice to Blast Fungus

et al. 2010

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Rice (Oryza sativa) plants carrying the Pi-i resistance gene to blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae restrict invaded fungus in infected tissue via hypersensitive reaction or response (HR), which is accompanied by rapid ethylene production and formation of small HR lesions. Ethylene biosynthesis has been implicated to be important for blast resistance; however, the individual roles of ethylene and cyanide, which are produced from the precursor 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid, remain unevaluated. In this study, we found that Pi-i-mediated resistance was compromised in transgenic rice lines, in which ethylene biosynthetic enzyme genes were silenced and then ethylene production was inhibited. The compromised resistance in transgenic lines was recovered by exogenously applying cyanide but not ethephon, an ethylene-releasing chemical in plant tissue. In a susceptible rice cultivar, treatment with cyanide or 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid induced the resistance to blast fungus in a dose-dependent manner, while ethephon did not have the effect. Cyanide inhibited the growth of blast fungus in vitro and in planta, and application of flavonoids, secondary metabolites that exist ubiquitously in the plant kingdom, enhanced the cyanide-induced inhibition of fungal growth. These results suggested that cyanide, whose production is triggered by HR in infected tissue, contributes to the resistance in rice plants via restriction of fungal growth.

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“…The interruption of electron flow in the respiratory chain causes an excess of electrons leading to aberrant generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) (Magnani et al, 2008). Such ROS have been reported in Magnaporthe oryzae treated with QoI fungicide SSF-126 (Mizutani et al, 1996) and in Fusarium graminearum treated with azoxystrobin (Kaneko and Ishii, 2009). The mechanism of lethal exposure to azoxystrobin is likely due to lack of ATP production in combination with excessive ROS production that directly causes damage to DNA, RNA, and proteins, however the effects of continuous exposure to sublethal doses of azoxystrobin is unknown.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fungicide-induced transposon movement in Monilinia fructicola

Chen

Everhart

Bryson

et al. 2015

Fungal Genetics and Biology

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A Possible Mechanism of Control of Rice Blast Disease by a Novel Alkoxyiminoacetamide Fungicide, SSF126

Cited by 58 publications

References 0 publications

Contribution of Ethylene Biosynthesis for Resistance to Blast Fungus Infection in Young Rice Plants

Contribution of Ethylene Biosynthesis for Resistance to Blast Fungus Infection in Young Rice Plants

Cyanide, a Coproduct of Plant Hormone Ethylene Biosynthesis, Contributes to the Resistance of Rice to Blast Fungus

Fungicide-induced transposon movement in Monilinia fructicola

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