A possible new species of the Maculabatis gerrardi complex (Dasyatidae: Urogymninae) in the Indian Ocean coast off Southeastern Africa

Abstract

The genus Maculabatis is a group of batoid rays from the Dasyatidae family, consisting of two main complexes: the gerrardi (spotted species) and the pastinacoides (plain species). This study investigated the diversity within the Maculabatis gerrardi complex, revealing the presence of two distinct geographical lineages, with a potential new species captured off the coast of Mozambique. Molecular analysis showed a significant divergence: COI sequences from Mozambique specimens exhibited over 99% similarity with M. gerrardi from South Africa but more than 2% divergence from those in the Indo-Pacific. Phylogenetic analysis identified two distinct subclades, suggesting at least two hidden lineages within the genus Maculabatis and consequently possible new undescribed species within M. gerrardi complex. These findings emphasize the importance of conducting additional research that integrates both morphological and molecular methods to better understand the group's diversity and evolutionary dynamics, ultimately supporting the development of effective conservation strategies.